Under normal room temperature and humidity conditions, fresh jujube loses moisture quickly and loses crispness within 35 days. J. Hebei Agric. Root distribution and interactions in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system. Agr. Zhang, Z., Wei, T., Zhong, Y., Li, X. It only needs light pruning because of its unique self-pruning habits: fruit-bearing shoots fall off in the fall, mother-bearing shoots extend only ~1mm a year, secondary shoots die back year by year, and only the tops of the primary shoots can extend (Fig. Corrections? The development of the jujube industry and jujube research promoted each other during this period, and support from science and technology to the jujube industry has continuously increased. BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). CAB International, Wallingford, p 276, Zamora DS, Jose S, Nair PKR, Ramsey CL (2006) Interspecific competition in a pecan-cotton alleycropping system in the southern United States: production physiology. Sin.49, 27722791 (2016). N. W. SCI-TECH Uni. The ethylene and ABA pathways are involved in regulating jujube fruit ripening30,31. Converting dehydroascorbic acid to AsA (vitamin C) resolved the bottleneck problem in the determination of dehydroascorbic acid, and accurate determination methods for the two kinds of vitamin C in jujube were finalized141,143. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Jujube grafting took place 1000 years ago, and the intercropping of jujube with cereal crops had become popular by about 600 years ago. Wang et al. In addition, 2000 years ago, jujube was introduced into Japan and Korea, to Central Asia and Europe via the ancient Silk Road, and gradually into at least 47 countries (Table 3) on all continents except Antarctica (45N35S)1,2,3,5. Water and fertilizer are the two main factors which promote the rapid growth of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) trees. & Jiang, Y.) J. Shanxi Agric. A series of new products with high nutrient value, such as refined jujube cyclic nucleotides, jujube polysaccharides, jujube oil, instant jujube powder, and high vitamin C juice, have been developed54,139,149. BMC Genomics21, 191 (2020). Ploidy segregation and pure tetraploid acquirement from mixoploid (2x + 4x) Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The treatments comprised (1) sole cotton, (2) 5-year-old sole jujube trees, (3) 7-year-old sole jujube trees, (4) 9-year-old sole jujube . In the two cases mentioned above, all the offspring from self-fruitless or self-sterile parents can be directly regarded as authentic hybrids. In addition, due to the economic decline of the comparative benefits of jujube, jujube witches broom is becoming serious again in orchards due to poor management. Zhang, W., Rao, J., Li, K., Li, W. & Wu, Y. Agrofor Syst 69:107116. The overall objective should be to meet the various needs of farmers, processers, marketers and consumers. CAS Thyrsiflora Cheng et Liu mainly according to the inflorescence type. var. Bring to a moderate boil and simmer for 20 minutes, let cool, then boil for another 20 minutes. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology (2022), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (2022), Horticulture Research (Hortic Res) Zhang et al. After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). More than 95% of grafts take successfully if scion wood is coated with a thin layer of wax. Agrofor Syst 31:181198, Schroth G, Poidy N, Morshauser T, Zech W (1995) Effects of different methods of soil tillage and biomass application on crop yields and soil properties in agroforestry with high tree competition. Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube, we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit. J Shandong Agric Univ 31:9194, Liu JQ, Halik W, Wang GS, Kasim Y (2012) Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang. After entering the 21st century, great progress has been made in polyploidy and cross-breeding in jujube. Lucrri tiinifice Ser. This technique has become a common practice in fresh jujube production. Sin.45, 14231424 (2018). At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. However, propagation via tissue culture has not been used on a large scale in jujube in China because of the high technical requirements, high cost, and late fruiting of micropropagated plants. Sci. (2) The modern and highly efficient breeding system is still not fully established, and it is difficult to meet the demands of accelerated cultivar development. & Liu, M. Embryo abortion and young embryo culture of Chinese jujube. Sci. Twenty-four million years ago, jujube trees appeared in Northern China10. (6) Quality and nutrition preservation with postharvest and processing technology: adapting to internet and international marketing and upgrading the jujube market structure; making jujube an essential raw material in several superfoods that are increasingly requested by the market in addition to being directly used as fresh or dried fruit13; extending different production and processing certification systems (e.g., Global GAP, Organic, etc.) Technol.37, 916 (2017). Fruit scientific research in new China in the past 70 years: Chinese jujube. Planting: Dig a hole big enough for the root system to fit in. var. Google Scholar. Jujube Witches' Broom Disease (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most destructive disease of Chinese jujube. Hu, F. Study on Four Main Functional Components of Chinese Jujube. Agrofor Syst 37:91109, Young A (1997) Agroforestry for soil management. Research on jujube cultivation technology has a long history that includes fruitful achievements and has played an important role in promoting the jujube industry. Genome sequencing-based multiomics analysis combining transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and phenotypic data has taken horticultural research to a new level. Acta Hortic. Third, jujube fruit can satisfactorily meet the various needs of marketers. Test Guideline for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) The roots of Jujube tree can better stretch in the new pot soil and quickly adapt to the new soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9609-x. Within Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng, three forms were confirmed, namely, f. granulata Cheng et Liu, f. trachysperma Cheng et Liu, and f. infecunda Cheng et Liu. Once the sucker has established a root system . J. Beijing. Food Compos. Review of researches on Chinese date high yield cultural theory and techniques. Q: Are Jujube trees invasive? Liu, M. & Cheng, J. Effects of different treatments on storage quality of Dongzao jujube fruits during shelf-life period. Until recently Chinese jujube was propagated primarily by root suckers. Liu, Z. et al. The 2019 Forum of China Jujube Industry, Linxian County, Shanxi Province (2019). performed reference collection and analysis. Agric. The traditional production technology development period (end of Han DynastyNorthern Wei Dynasty, or 1 CE500 CE). The jujube tree is the main cash crop and wheat is a primary food crop and both are harvested once a year in south Xinjiang. Dongzao. Wang, Z. et al. Acta Hortic.390, 161165 (1995). Int.39, 917923 (2006). In recent years, equipment for jujube fruit sorting or integrated cleaning and sorting has been developed and widely applied in the jujube industry in China133,134,135. Sci. Liu, M. & Wang, Y. Jujube Tree Roots. Regarding the taxonomic relationship between jujube and sour jujube (Z acidojujuba Cheng et LiuZ. Dongzao. The jujube tree is a well-known example of one such species. Chen, D. The problems and solutions of Hami jujube mechanized drying. Solar greenhouses along hillsides facing the sun in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province have the advantages of lower investment costs, better sunlight, and much better heat retaining properties than a traditional greenhouse by using the mountain as the back wall of the greenhouses107. They are not particular about soil pH, but do need to be planted in full sun. Construction of a high-density genetic map of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. Multiomics-based analysis for the molecular formation mechanisms of some important traits. China Fruits3, 4647 (1983). Jour. Acta Hortic. To obtain Sci. After entering the 21st century, protected cultivation techniques for fresh jujube have developed gradually. Approximately 1500 YA (the Northern Wei Dynasty), Jia Simiao wrote a famous agricultural book called Qi Min Yao Shu that not only recorded 45 jujube cultivars but also described cultivar selection breeding, orchard site selection, planting times and methods, flower thinning, girdling, harvesting, and jujube paste processing. Horticultur60, 16 (2017). found that the respiration rate, ethylene release, and cell membrane permeability of Dongzao stored at 00.5C were significantly inhibited compared with those of jujube stored at room temperature121. & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Jiangxiensis35, 935939 (2013). This period has not yet ended, and there is still a long way to go before establishing a modern technology system for jujube. Plant J.2, 147153 (2016). Int. Both the seeds and fruit have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to improve sleep quality, support the nervous system, and encourage healthy digestion. Eng.15, 237240 (1999). & Liu, M. A high-efficiency regeneration system for immature embryo of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao at very early stage. Try not to plant it close to your house if there's a good source of water inside since there are some owners who report roots are able to break through stone. & Liu, M. Genetic diversity and structure of 255 cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). Sin.31, 647650 (2004). Acta Hortic. J. Under Z. jujuba Mill., five forms have been reported, i.e., f. tortuosa Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. In particular, the use of sour jujube seeds, rather than pits, to obtain rootstocks has become the mainstream method; using this method, the seedlings grow faster and more uniformly than in rootstocks obtained from pits2. Acta Hortic. Historical achievements and frontier advances in the production and research of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . have been excavated and utilized, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of the jujube industry. Yao, S. Past, present, and future of jujubesChinese dates in the United States. Sin.44, 195196 (2017). BMC Genomics18, 855 (2017). Based on the nationwide germplasm investigation, the National Chinese Jujube Repository was constructed in Taigu, Shanxi Province, by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Peoples Republic of China. Google Scholar, Cao FL, Kimmins JP, Wang JR (2012) Competitive interactions in ginkgo and crop species mixed agroforestry systems in Jiangsu, China. Structures and immunological activities of two pectic polysaccharides from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Research objectives should be more advanced and diversified. drew the figure of the different organ morphologies of Chinese jujube. Three representative books on jujube germplasm have been published. (3) Novel cultivation technology: developing high-density, high-efficiency, high-quality, labor-saving, and environmentally friendly large-scale, enterprise-oriented operations with the aid of mechanized, automated, and smart new technologies. Cymosiflora Cheng et Liu and Ser. & Ma, Z. The evaluations have covered morphological, agronomical, cytological, palynological, nutritional, and reproductive biological traits, as well as biotic resistance and abiotic tolerance2,35,36,37. Asian J. Chem.23, 39893992 (2011). Environ. M.L., J.W., L.W., S.Y., and F.S. Since it was introduced into neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan 2000 years ago, jujube has spread to at least 48 countries, commercial jujube cultivation has developed at different levels in China, South Korea, Iran, Israel, the United States, Italy, Australia, and other countires2,3,6,7,8. In l max = 22 cm, the integral constant a = 1.9 and instantaneous growth rate r = 0.14. Scientific Debates Cluj-Horticulture XX, UAMV Cluj-Napoca, 236238 (1997). Li, X. Sin.40, 426432 (2013). Univ.42, 8590 (2019). Google Scholar, Maghembe JA, Kaoneka ARS, Lulandala LLL (1986) Intercropping, weeding and spacing effects on growth and nutrient content in Leucaena leucocephala at Morogoro, Tanzania. The root system is the main organ of water uptake for the plant. Ji, Q. ), f. carnosicalycis (Wang) Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. PLoS ONE11, e0154212 (2016). Sin.46, 49684976 (2013). (Z. sativa Gatern. Agrofor Syst 13:143158, Reyes T, Quiroz R, Luukkanen O (2009) Spice crop agroforestry systems in the east Usambara Mountain, Tanzania: growth analysis. The third is The Illustrated Germplasm Resources of Jujube55, in which pictures and research data for 250 cultivars (57 table jujubes, 80 for dehydration, 82 for both dehydration and fresh eating, 17 for processing, and 14 ornamental varieties) were obtained from the National Chinese Jujube Repository (Taigu, Shanxi). BMC Plant Biol.19, 189 (2019). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Stnic, F. Preliminary results regarding the behaviour of some Chinese date varieties (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Preparation of oligosaccharides by degradation of polysaccharides from Chinese jujube and its biological activity. Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of trunk diameter in Chinese jujube. Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. . However, until the end of the 20th century, the breeding techniques for Chinese jujube had been mainly focused on selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasm, even though some new techniques had been incorporated into selection breeding, such as marker-assisted identification and standardized techniques. It has multiple uses as a fresh or dried fruit, processing material, traditional Chinese medicine, celebratory food, health product, and a representative of native Chinese products. & Wang, Y. Chinese Fruit Trees Record-Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 1993). Stnic, F. Chinese date (jujube)a new promising fruit plant for Romania. The evapotranspiration of jujube root zone was calcu lated by water . Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2019). Qu et al. J. The genus Ziziphus was grouped into two sections based on geographical distribution, bearing shoot persistence, and leaf hairiness. Zhang, X. Metabolomic Approaches Reveal the Physiological Mechanism of China Cointree as Jujubes Stock in Resistance to Jujube Witches Broom. A novel method for rapid in vivo induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in a woody fruit tree (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Sci. B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). (China Forestry Publishing House, 2013). Liu, M. et al. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Planting: Dig a hole big enough to accommodate the root system. Zhang, L. et al. Qu, Z. et al. Judging from old grafted jujube trees, grafting has been used for at least 1000 years. Period. & Tian, J. During the past 70 years, jujube research has greatly advanced. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Compared with those under natural drying, the preservation rates for vitamin C, total sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, soluble protein, and other nutrients under artificial drying are significantly improved130,131,132. It has unique branch and bud characteristics, i.e., usually only the primary shoots can extend, the dormant buds have a very long life, the secondary shoots die back naturally each, the mother-bearing shoots can only extend by ~1mm per year, and the bearing shoots fall off in the fall. Liu, P., Peng, J., Peng, S., Zhou, J. In addition, 11 jujube cultivars were recorded in Erya, a book written 2600 years ago. tortuosa Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. It has a very low chilling requirement and is suitable for protected cultivation. Fruits67, 293296 (2012). Comparing the tetraploid jujube cultivar Riguang and its diploid counterpart Dongzao, Riguang has wider and darker green leaves, higher chlorophyll content, a higher photosynthesis rate, larger stomata, larger pollen and flowers, wider and larger fruits, and an earlier maturation time but is also less vigorous and less cold hardy79. sending out suckers 30' feet away) so my main question is this: Are the roots strong enough to move/. Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. Agrofor Syst 74:163172, Lin QY, Xing LF, Li PY, Ding XT, Duan ZA (2000) Recounting and reviewing on the scientific research literature for intercropping system of jujube and crops in China. Plant Cell Tiss. Org.131, 175182 (2017). Process.8, 4547 (2014). Sin.33, 687 (2006). CAS Agrofor Syst 43:534, Schroth G, Zech W (1995) Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system with Gliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West Africa. Liu, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, J. When the two plant species grow together interspecific interactions between them inevitably occur. Sci. Rev.32, 229298 (2006). Rapid SNP discovery and a RAD-Based high-density linkage map in jujube (Ziziphus Mill.). These authors contributed equally: Mengjun Liu, Jiurui Wang, Lili Wang, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Mengjun Liu,Lili Wang,Ping Liu,Zhihui Zhao,Zhiguo Liu,Li Dai&Xuan Zhao, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Agriculture Science Center at Alcalde, New Mexico State University, 371 County Road 40, Alcalde, NM, 87511, USA, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100000, China, Propaganda Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, You can also search for this author in under a variety of conditions. Univ. ISSN 2052-7276 (online) spinosa Hu) and cultivate them1,2,3,4. Evaluation on nutritious characteristics and germplasm screening of different Chinese jujube cultivars. Sin.20, 305306 (1993). cv. The traditional production region formation period (Zhou DynastyHan Dynasty, or 1000 BCE1 CE). Meanwhile, the expansion of the MDHAR gene family contributes to AsA regeneration. Chinese jujube is an important multi-purpose fruit tree in Asia. In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao and Z. acidojujuba (Z. spinosa Hu) with colchicine. I planted a Contorted Jujube tree in the upper tier of a dry stacked natural stone raised bed about 2 weeks ago. Bu, J., Zhao, J. Plant Syst. Sin.31, 7880 (2004). Propagating jujubes. Exp. Jujube fruits are eaten fresh, dried, boiled, stewed, and baked and are used to flavour tea. in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Wang, N. Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Ploidy Germplasm Creation in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 2007). M.L. It can grow and bear well where normal grain, cotton, oil crops, vegetables, and fruit trees cannot survive. Plant Breed.16, 33953400 (2018). Since the 1950s, the biological characteristics of jujube have been studied comprehensively, and a complete theoretical system had been formed by the 1990s1,101. Sin.32, 496499 (2005). PubMed Agric Water Manag 87:6172, Rao MR, Sharma MM, Ong CK (1990) A study of the potential of hedge row intercropping in semi-arid India using a two-way systematic design. Acta Hortic. var. . Change of several nutrients in Jun jujube during drying process. Hebei17, 110 (1994). Fruit. Liuyuexian. HortScience53, 609612 (2018). Therefore, jujubes will attract increasing attention worldwide. in Bucureti area. For. Liu, M. Advances in taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. Because jujubes demand high light intensities for good output, they should be spaced 10 to 15 feet apart. Anther/pollen culture has also been practiced in jujube, and some plants have been generated from pollen73,83. Chen et al. Univ.21, 124126 (2009). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles According to a comprehensive investigation, more than 100 pests and diseases have been observed in jujube1. Technol.226, 985989 (2008). The density of SSRs in the jujube genome reaches 378 SSRs per Mb, which is approximately two times the density in peach and apple12. Wang, X., Shao, J., Zhang, X., Peng, S. & Wang, Y. China Fruits1, 14 (2018). Univ.26, 221224 (1999). Flora of China (Science Press, 2007). In: Ashton MS, Montagnini F (eds) The silvicultural basis for agroforestry systems. The combination of artificial drying, mechanical cleaning, and automatic sorting can significantly improve the appearance of commercial fruit, increase production efficiency and economic benefits, and reduce losses after harvest. Zhao, A., Li, D., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & Cao, Y. Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin (2013). Jujube fruit can become a part of international markets and a future popular superfruit. spinosa. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E. & Butcaru, A. C. Jujube fruits behaviour at controlled atmosphere storage. Study on cultivated model of high efficiency and cultivated techniques for Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv Dongzao in Dali. Fruit. The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. Univ. Biotechnol.94, 123129 (2019). Bot.165, 92107 (2019). This result was later confirmed by SSR and cpSSR analysis61,62. In this case, the maturity period can be advanced by 14 months105,106. Univ. The tissue culture of jujube began in 1978. should not be planted in the shade of other trees Soils: Jujubes tolerate many types of soils, but prefer a sandy, well-drained soils and do less well in heavy, poorly drained soil. The process of in vivio induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in jujube. The modern jujube industry development period (1949present). Materials and methods. Plant Cell Tiss. Yuan, Z., Lu, Y., Zhao, J. Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and their positive responses to phytoplasma invasion in Chinese jujube. A revolutionary novel cultivar could simultaneously satisfy the diverse demands of farmers, processers, marketers, and consumers. Yan, C. et al. Zhang, Z. Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, M. & Qian, J. 3). More farmers in China now graft or bud onto seedling rootstocks. Xue, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P. & Wang, L. Effect of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical changes of Dong jujube fruit during cold storage. Compd.43, 374376 (2007). Converting traditional flood irrigation to drip irrigation would solve water deficit and salt stress. Cross-breeding, the most powerful breeding method for fruit trees, has not been successfully utilized in jujube. Tree Genet. To date, a total of ~930 jujube genotypes have been preserved, accounting for at least 90% of the total jujube genotypes in the world. Eleven jujube cultivars were recorded in Erya, written 2600 YA. Shi, Y. et al. From the 1950s to 1980s, the first nationwide jujube germplasm investigation was carried out; a total of 700 jujube cultivars and 30 wild sour jujube genotypes were determined through synonym and homonym identification and recorded in the book China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube1. Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. Effects of drying methods on changes of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity in Chinese jujube. Agric. Jujube tree needs to change its pots when it is young, turning pots and changing soil. Fu found that controlled freezing-point storage was better than normal cold storage in terms of delaying ripening and aging126. Dongzao. Most species belong to Sect. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small candies called jujubes. and JavaScript. Hortic. Study on the content of polysaccharides in different cultivars, growing periods and organs in Chinese Jujube. Starting with a superhigh density (0.5m1.0m), the density is gradually decreased to 1.01.5m4.0m. This new model obtains good yields (58t/ha) in the year of grafting (Fig. Research is lagging and does not match the demand from industry in some countries. & Meng, X. Actuality and development of jujube grader. Therefore, jujube has broad prospects as a material for the development of healthy foods with high nutrition value. Among them, stimulating sucker propagation by cutting off the roots at the periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy and separating fasciculate suckers can increase the reproductive coefficient, while gathering and nurturing the suckers in a nursery can greatly improve the quality of the root system. Li, C. Dormant Characteristic and Temperature Management Investigation Analysis of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. jujube, either of two species of small spiny trees of the genus Ziziphus (family Rhamnaceae) and their fruit. Jujube Candy. contributed to the final draft. cv. Currently, under the optimal storage conditions, half-red fresh jujube can be preserved for 23 months or even more than 4 months.
