The city received 37inches (940 millimeters) of rain in 24 hours the most any Indian city has ever received in a single day. Yet, as the population increased, unkempt, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions became more widespread. [127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour. An eruption here some 66mya is thought to have laid down the Deccan Traps, a vast bed of basalt lava that covers parts of central India. [90] The British occupied Salsette, Elephanta, Hog Island, and Karanja on 28 December 1774. An important reformer was Mary Carpenter, who wrote factory laws that exemplified Victorian modernization theory of the modern, regulated factory as vehicle of pedagogy and civilizational uplift. effect in that the town could be built anew, to a better plan. The 1920 Census revealed that more Americans lived in cities than the countryside for the first time. At the same time, these works all shift their analytic frameworks as they approach more contemporary periods and this restricts the authors' ability to assess fully the character of urban change. the [11], The islands were under Muslim rule from 1348 to 1391. and also in terms of the nationality of the authors. Mumbai in 1888. Bhima of Mahikavati established a small kingdom in the area during the late 13th century, and brought settlers. The Mahim Causeway was not Colaba in 1844, establishing this newly opened up section as an 1803 - Fire. in this century. was called a wadi. The plague killed thousands, and many fled the city leading to a drastic fall in the population of the city. Mumbai's population exceeds 12.4 million, with another 8 million living in the greater metropolitan area; this total of more than 20 million ranks Mumbai's metropolitan population as the fourth highest in the world. Footnote 1 A number of rich studies have addressed the expansion of the urban centre in the context of international trade and industry, the role of imperial policy in shaping the city's geographic contours, the formation of urban communities, business entrepreneurship, the development of the textile . The old wall Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. workers began to migrate to Bombay, and each room in a chawl would have Eventually, families of record about 30 British deaths, several from outside of the city. [148], Following World War I, which saw large movement of India troops, supplies, arms and industrial goods to and from Bombay, the city life was shut down many times during the Non-cooperation movement from 1920 to 1922. Request Permissions, Review by: The modern city of Bombay took shape in the 19th century. [3] Pleistocene sediments found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai by British archaeologist Malcolm Todd in 1939 indicate habitation since the Stone Age. [203][204] The city's Wankhede Stadium was the venue for 2011 Cricket World Cup final, where India emerged as a champion for the second time after the 1983 Cricket World Cup. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. The citys infrastructure was improved considerably with the construction of new highways and bridges, expansion of port facilities, and the inauguration of new public-transit systems. [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. The blast occurred a day ahead of the visit of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India to the city. The Maratha empire under the Peshwas fell to the machinations of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Growth_of_Mumbai&oldid=964047190, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1951: 2,966,902 (0.1% of the world population), This page was last edited on 23 June 2020, at 08:41. 8.1, the share of the manufacturing sector in India (total of manufacturing and small scale and cottage industries) in total NDP grew gradually from approximately 10% in the early 20th century to over 20% in the 1960s. The riot led to a strike of dock and railway workers which paralysed the city for a few days. Please read the, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, History of Mumbai under indigenous empires, History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (15341661), Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway, Bombay Shipping and Iron Shipping Companies, Bombay Coast and River Steam Navigation Company, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, City and Industrial Development Corporation, History of Mumbai during the 21st century, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, "Pay dirt: Treasure amidst Mumbai's trash", "What about Gateway of India, Banganga Tank? On 6 December 2002, a bomb placed under a seat of an empty BEST (Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) bus exploded near Ghatkopar station in Mumbai. [132] The Bombay Municipal Act was enacted in 1888 which gave the British Government wide powers of interference in civic matters. In November 1664, Shipman's successor Humphrey Cooke agreed to accept Bombay without its dependencies. Almost everyone in the world lived in extreme poverty, we had very little medical knowledge, and in all countries our ancestors had . [77], Yakut Khan landed at Sewri on 14 February 1689,[78] and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690. Thus, the increase in new territories claimed in the first 75 years of the 19th century averaged about 83,000 square miles (215,000 square kilometres) a year. [73] On 20 February 1673, Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India attacked Bombay, but the attack was resisted by Aungier. [110] The Bombay Gymkhana was formed in 1875. In 1803 a fire raged through the Indian part At first, compared with Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Madras (now Chennai), Bombayas it was called by the Britishwas not a great asset to the company but merely helped it keep a toehold on the west coast. He was the first person to build At the same time, it suggests that historians need to consider Gyan Prakash's view of cities as 'patched-up societies' whose entirety cannot be understood through single, linear models of change. among the British, but also among Indians. first rails were laid for a 21 mile stretch between Thane and Bombay. [183] In 1996, the newly elected Shiv Sena-led government renamed the city of Bombay to the native name Mumbai, after the Koli native Marathi people Goddess Mumbadevi. [42] During 152829, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of the islands. India reverted to the British Crown. [49] The St. Andrew Church at Bandra was built in 1575. The Bombay plague epidemic was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the city of Bombay (present-day Mumbai) in the late nineteenth century. 19th Century History of Mumbai: Mumbai/Bombay pages The Nineteenth Century The Taming of the Sea The modern city of Bombay took shape in the 19th century. Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm . A [144] On 22 July 1908, Lokmanya Tilak, the principal advocate of the Swadeshi movement in Bombay, was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment, on the charge of writing inflammatory articles against the Government in his newspaper Kesari. ", This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 06:52. Importance Of Globalization In Mumbai. Rajagopalachari. It connected Bombay Island to Kurla in Salsette. Such a group of chawls [123] The Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Asia, was established in 1875. The existence of such [citation needed] During the English East India Company's rule in mid-18th century, it emerged as an important port city, having maritime trade contacts with Mecca, Basra etc. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy donated the entire sum of money required to join opposition to this move, and the walls were not removed. [23] The Italian traveler Marco Polo's fleet of thirteen Chinese ships passed through Mumbai Harbour during May September 1292. [107] The Cotton Exchange was established in Cotton Green in 1844. [168][169], In the early 1960s, the Parsi and Marwaris Migrant communities owned majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city, while the white-collar jobs were mainly sought by the South Indian migrants to the city. In the latter part of the 19th century, many cotton spinning and weaving mills also came up in Bombay. Russia has returned to its pre-20th century role, tension between Greece and Turkey is heightened and the revolutions of 1848 feel less distant Viewed on a timeline, the events and the people of . Early Labor Unions. The Wellington Pier (Apollo Bunder) in the north of Colaba was opened for passenger traffic in 1819 and the Elphinstone High School was established in 1822. 3 Two books that helped precipitate the reassessment are Thomas Rawski, Economic Growth in Prewar China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), and Loren Brandt, Commercialization and Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern China: 1870s-1930s (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989). The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khalji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. [115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population. [176] In August 1979, a sister township of Navi Mumbai was founded by City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across Thane and Raigad districts of Maharashtra to help the dispersal and control of Mumbai's population. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. Welgos/Getty Images. [71] Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. By the time the newspapers had confirmed news [45] Dorabji Nanabhoy, a trader, was the first Parsi to settle in Bombay in 1640. xi, 270, Pds. The worldwide influenza epidemic raged through Bombay from September to December 1918, causing hundreds of deaths per day. Did you know? This review examines three books major on the history of Bombay. Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (later Daulatabad; 11871318), the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was founded in response to raids from the north by the Khalji dynasty of Hindustan in 1294. Forjett had the alleged ring-leaders blown from cannon on that day. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured. The revolutionaries were brutally Request Permissions, Published By: Economic and Political Weekly. The original work is not included in the purchase of this review. This paper calls upon historians to continue to apply the tools of social history, particularly its reliance on close microcosmic studies of particular places and groups over long periods of time, as they try to bridge the gap between the early twentieth century and the later twentieth century. In the late 18th and early 19th century railway network came into being in Mumbai due to which Mumbai became central in the trade and commerce and with the emergence of port . [197] According to Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Toiba and Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). such chawls would border a common enclosed space. [67] In 1686, the Company shifted its main holdings from Surat to Bombay, which had become the administrative centre of all the west coast settlements then. Jafar emerged victorious in the battle fought with Ahmad Shah I Wali. Tata pioneered civil aviation in Bombay by flying a plane from Karachi to Bombay. An ambitious scheme for the construction of a seawall in Back Bay to reclaim an area of 1,300 acres (525 hectares) of land was proposed in 1918, but it was not finished until the completion of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Road (Marine Drive) from Nariman Point to Malabar Pointthe first two-way highway of its kind in Indiaafter World War II (193945). The population would grow gradually throughout the 19 th century, rising to over 240 million by 1900. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into Bombay State. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines.
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