By December 1941, Czechs could be called to work anywhere within the Reich. The two wed on 26 December 1931 and had four children. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. In 1926 he advanced to the rank of ensign (Leutnant zur See) and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein, the flagship of Germany's North Sea Fleet. But many believe it would besmirch the memory of tens of thousands of Czechs and Slovaks who died under Nazi occupation to have any part in a scheme associated with Heydrich. Lina Mathilde Manninen (ne von Osten, formerly Heydrich; 14 June 1911 14 August 1985) was the wife of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office and a central figure in Nazi Germany. [166] It was his final combat mission. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). [101], Despite public displays of goodwill towards the populace, privately Heydrich was very clear about his eventual goal: "This entire area will one day be definitely German, and the Czechs have nothing to expect here." Heydrich, pictured above on the left, was assassinated in 1942 by Czech commandos trained by Britain as he drove to Prague. [132] A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. [81] Soviet military prosecutors did not use SD forged documents against the generals in their secret trial; they instead relied on false confessions extorted or beaten out of the defendants. Heydrich's family held social standing and substantial financial means. He was promoted on 1 July 1928 to the rank of first lieutenant. Heydrich was mortally wounded in Prague on 27 May 1942 as a result of Operation Anthropoid. [1] After World War II ended, she published a memoir in 1976. While Heydrich believed they had deluded Stalin into executing or dismissing 35,000 of his officer corps, the importance of Heydrich's part is a matter of conjecture. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. [144] Lina wrote a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Living With a War Criminal), which was published in 1976. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. However, the reconciled Heydrich couple had another child, a daughter named Silke (born 9 April 1939). Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled. WebThe assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, who was the commander of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), the acting governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and a principal architect of the Holocaust, [1] was a coordinated operation by the Czechoslovak resistance during World War II. An individual portrait of Reinhard Heydrich [FHM 2002.001.035] is also part of the Perpetrators series. He was later executed in retaliation for Heydrich's assassination. In late February 1919, civil unrestincluding strikes and clashes between communist and anti-communist groupstook place in Heydrich's home town of Halle. [151] On 9 June, in the village of Lidice 172 boys and men between age 14 to 84 were shot. [14], Lina Heydrich was cleared during the de-Nazification proceedings after the war's end. She further won the right to receive a pension as the result of a series of court cases against the West German government in 1956 and 1959. They had 4 children: Heider Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich and Klaus Heydrich. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). [63] Himmler immediately reorganised the police into two groups: the Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo), consisting of both the national uniformed police and the municipal police, and the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo), consisting of the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police; Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo). Both villages were razed; the men and boys age 14 and above were shot and most of the women and children were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. He excelled in his schoolwork at the secular "Reformgymnasium", especially in the sciences. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. Heydrich masterminded the plan and toured the site, which was about four miles (6km) from the Polish border. WebRudolf Diels, hacia 1933. WebI fondamenti ideologici Heinrich Himmler in uniforme da Reichsfhrer-SS. He was promoted to SS-Obergruppenfhrer und General der Polizei on 24 September 1941. [135] He was 38 years old. In 1976, she published a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Life with a War Criminal). Heydrich not only felt he could no longer be a member, but came to consider the church's political power and influence a danger to the state. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Upon his arrival in Prague, Heydrich sought to eliminate opposition to the Nazi occupation by suppressing Czech culture and deporting and executing members of the Czech resistance. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (/hadrk/ HEYE-drik; German: [anhat tstan n had] (listen); 7 March 1904 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. Reinhard married Lina Heydrich on December 26 1931, at age 27. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. [100] Labor was reorganised on the basis of the German Labour Front. The son was only ten years old when he left Panenske Brezany at the end of World War Two, so he did not know what war was then.'. [29], On 30 May 1931, Heydrich's discharge from the navy became legally binding,[30] and either the following day[30] or on 1 June he joined the Nazi Party in Hamburg. Also known as: Der Henker, Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, The Hangman. We had to deal with expelling immigrants and traitors. Besides the secret police, he was responsible for all of the criminal police. With Hitler striving for absolute power in Germany, Himmler and Heydrich wished to control the political police forces of all 17 German states. But the director of the Lidice memorial, Milous Cervencl, is not opposed to the castle being restored. The years 1933, 34, 35, 36 were filled with work and innumerable startup problems. Heydrich ordered his driver, Klein, to halt and attempted to confront Gabk rather than speed away. This questionnaire was placed in an envelope inscribed with a seal reading "Nacht und Nebel" and submitted to the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). After the death of his brother, Heinz Heydrich helped Jews escape the Holocaust. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. [39] At first he had to share an office and typewriter with a colleague, but by 1932 Heydrich was earning 290 Reichsmarks a month (equivalent to 1,191 in 2021), a salary he described as "comfortable". Rather than surrender, the soldiers killed themselves. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. [104], By 3 October 1941, Czechoslovak military intelligence in London had made the decision to kill Heydrich.[105][106]. The games were used to promote the propaganda aims of the Nazi regime. Some historians believe that the impracticality of this plan encouraged the Nazi course of mass murder. This placed a serious strain on their marriage that nearly resulted in divorce. Lina persuaded Heydrich to look into the recently formed Schutzstaffel (SS) as a career option. Funeral of nazi ss reinhard heydrich aka butcher of prague 1942 british path. Lutze was appointed SA's new head and it was converted into a sports and training organisation. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office, the SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Nazi plan to murder Jews Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. Assassinated by a Czech commando squad trained in Britain in 1942, his name is still reviled to this day. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. I see it as a form of compensation, an apology for the crimes for which his father had to answer.'. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.[134]. She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. He organized mass executions in occupied countries during the early years of World War II. [6] Lina ignored this message, packed Reinhard's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. [66][67] For his part in the games' success, Heydrich was awarded the Deutsches Olympiaehrenzeichen or German Olympic Games Decoration (First Class). Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. The daughter of a minor German aristocrat (he worked as a village schoolteacher), she joined the Nazi Party in 1929 and met Reinhard Heydrich in December 1930. The whole village was razed to the ground. This led to the sweeping use of Schutzhaft"protective custody", a euphemism for the power to imprison people without judicial proceedings. The family made it to Bavaria and then moved back to the island of Fehmarn where they were allowed to live in their house after the British Army moved out that same year. A translation of the text is available at, This description of the meeting was employed by Holocaust historian, Reinhard Heydrich funeral, German newsreel, Reinhard Heydrich funeral in Prague & Berlin, Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD), Excerpt from a speech by Reinhard Heydrich in 1941, List of rulers of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Omissions? [148], Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. [15] A talented athlete, he became an expert swimmer and fencer. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective [140] Nevertheless, on 16 December 2019, the BBC reported that Heydrich's unmarked grave had been opened by unknown persons, without anything being taken. WebReinhard Heydrich was born on March 7 1904, in Halle, to Richard Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth Krantz. [26] Early in 1931 Heydrich was charged with "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman" for a breach of promise, having been engaged to marry another woman he had known for six months before the Lina von Osten engagement. Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. 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Monster: Reinhard Heydrich was the head of the dreaded SS security section and the 'protector' of Czechoslovakia. [90] Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides: "We will Germanize the Czech vermin. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II. The second of three children, his father Bruno was a singer and minor composer, and his mother Elizabeth came from a [4] He was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the early war years, answering to and taking orders from only Hitler, Gring, and Himmler in all matters pertaining to the deportation, imprisonment, and extermination of Jews. During World War II, while serving as one of the highest ranking officers in the SS, Heydrich was also a Reserve Officer in the less intimidating rank of a Luftwaffe Captain. [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. The material was delivered to the NKVD. [15] In Czechoslovakia, she was tried in absentia and sentenced to life imprisonment, which she evaded.[13]. [60] The courts were not allowed to investigate or interfere. [5][6][7] Hitler called him "the man with the iron heart". [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. Reynard Heydrich lived in the lower castle and his family continued to live there until the Red Army forced them out in 1945. On 29 November 1939, Heydrich issued a cable about the "Evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps, and giving guidance surrounding the December 1939 census, which would be the basis on which those deportations were performed. Reinhard heydrich und die wannsee konferenz historia. Heydrich was instrumental in the Nisko and Lublin plans to confine Jews to limited districts set up to contain them and in the proposed deportation of all European Jews to the island of Madagascar, a plan that was never implemented. German documents suggest that Hitler intended to transfer him to German-occupied France where the French resistance was gaining ground. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Reinhard Klaus Heydrich used equipment confiscated from the Czech gymnastics organisation Sokol to organise events for workers. [153][154] Overall, at least 1,300Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination. Those who worked Heydrich feared him, as did those who were unfortunate enough to be under his control. Thousands of Czechs and Slovaks died under Nazi occupation of the country, Atrocity: The rose garden memorial in Lidice. [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. [132] Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. [71], In mid-1939, Heydrich created the Stiftung Nordhav Foundation to obtain real estate for the SS and Security Police to use as guest houses and vacation spots. Later, in the Soviet Union, they were charged with rounding up and murdering Jews via firing squad and gas vans. The explosion ripped through the right rear fender and wounded Heydrich, with metal fragments and fibres from the upholstery causing serious damage to his left side. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. People disappeared without a trace with no one told of their whereabouts or fate. 6. In September 1941 Heydrich had been appointed Reichsprotektor (governor) of Bohemia and Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location,[147] the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. [93] Their names appeared on posters throughout the occupied country. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. Right, his son Heider has said he wants to restore his father's castle outside Prague, Outrage: The upper castle at Panenske Brezany, near Prague. "armdn generl in memoriam Alois Eli", "Pohnut Osudy: Alois Eli. During Kristallnacht in November 1938, Heydrich ordered the arrest of thousands of Jews by the Gestapo and the SS and their imprisonment in concentration camps. According to Czech historians, during the first martial law period (from 28 September 1941 until 20 January 1942), 486 people were executed. Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on iTunes. He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. On 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, Heydrich fell into a coma and never regained consciousness. [33] His party number was 544,916 and his SS number was 10,120. The Nazis wiped out the town of Lidice, killing all the men and shipping women and children to concentration camps after Heydrich was assassinated in 1942. By order of the Reichsfhrer-SS, residency without possession of an identification card is punishable by death. Klaus died as a result of a traffic accident on 24 October 1943. The grave of Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi official, was dug up Dec. 12 in Berlin. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. Managed by: Michael Rper. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. As head of the Gestapo, Heydrich could incarcerate enemies of the Reich at will. [113] On 21 September 1939, Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message on the "Jewish question in the occupied territory" to the chiefs of all Einsatzgruppen with instructions to round up Jewish people for placement into ghettos, called for the formation of Judenrte (Jewish councils), ordered a census, and promoted Aryanization plans for Jewish-owned businesses and farms, among other measures. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich[8] was born in 1904 in Halle an der Saale to composer and opera singer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Heydrich (ne Krantz). We see Heydrich from his rarefied musical family origins and his ugly-duckling childhood and adolescence, to his sudden flameout as a promising Gestapo officials retaliated for his death by executing hundreds of Czechs and wiping out the entire village of Lidice. Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. His aircraft was hit by Russian flak in action near the Dniester on 22 July, and he had to land the plane in enemy territory. Newspapers have carried strong editorials decrying his 'insensitivity' at wanting to restore a place 'from where orders for the deaths of thousands were given'. [69] In February 1938 when the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg resisted Hitler's proposed merger with Germany, Heydrich intensified the pressure on Austria by organising Nazi demonstrations and distributing propaganda in Vienna emphasising the common Germanic blood of the two countries. [58], With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear. [164], Heydrich received a number of Nazi and military awards. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. WebIn The Hangman and His Wife, Nancy Dougherty, and, following her death, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, masterfully explore who Heydrich was and how he came to be, and how he came to do what he did. [110], When Hitler asked for a pretext for the invasion of Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Heinrich Mller masterminded a false flag plan code-named Operation Himmler. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). It involved a fake attack on the German radio station at Gleiwitz on 31 August 1939. [100] Still, those measures could not hide shortages and increasing inflation; reports of growing discontent multiplied. [34], In 1936, Heydrich learned that a top-ranking Soviet officer was plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin. The Gestapo Law, passed in 1936, gave police the right to act extra-legally. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. In 1941, he was appointed as 'protector' of Bohemia and Moravia, the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Third Reich. [4], In 1931, he was charged with "conduct unbecoming to an officer and gentleman" for breaking an engagement promise to a woman he had known for six months before the engagement to Lina. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. [149] Hitler ordered a quick investigation. [23], As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles as well as Germany's large war debt, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. [57] The purge became known as the Night of the Long Knives. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [77] Heydrich became the president of the International Criminal Police Commission (later known as Interpol) on 24 August 1940,[78] and its headquarters were transferred to Berlin. Eventually they married for the purpose of changing her Himmler initially forbade Heydrich from flying combat missions, but later relented, allowing him to join Jagdgeschwader 77 in Norway, where he was stationed from 15 April 1940 during Operation Weserbung. In Prague, the day before the attack that led to his death, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lina_Heydrich&oldid=1137596810, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 14:04. She kept several dozen prisoners at the estate for forced labour. His mother was Heydrich's godmother. They began with Bavaria. WebNazi German official Reinhard Heydrich was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the paramilitary corps known as the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), or SS. Edit Search New Search Filters (1) To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info and Locationeven a guess will help. That same year he joined the SS. WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. [160] His service record also gives him credit as a Navy Reserve Lieutenant, but in 1931 he was dismissed for conduct unbecoming an officer with loss of rank, and during World War II he had no contact with the Navy Reserve. [17] However, the family maintained cordial relations with the Jewish community; many Jewish students attended the Halle Conservatory, and its cellar was rented out to a Jewish salesman. Heydrich had four children Klaus (born 17 June 1933) died in a traffic accident in Jungfern-Breschan on 24 October 1943 Heider (born 28 December 1934 - died in July 2007) Silke (born 9 April 1939) Marte (born 23 [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership.
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