Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. I definitely think #1 is overkill in his answer though. Check your math. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. What if I had a gram? Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. Shortly after the supposed Big Bang, the universe would have been filled with extremely energetic photons. Instead of wasting 1E28 joules in an antimatter explosion on the surface of Earth, how about a nice 1E20 J bomb set off in a carefully drilled hole inside 10 Hygiea -- wait a few months and let gravity do most of the heavy lifting (or falling in this case) when 10 Hygiea impacts the Earth. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction. And the final is that it might help us solve a fairly enormous cosmic conundrum: why the material universe exists. Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. This stops it from making contact with matter. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. Why 1.810 14 joules? Indeed this is a polar-explosion (1 gamma to one side and the other to opposite side). The sub-atomic particles of matter have the opposite properties of antimatter. They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. You get high-energy (~100 MeV) gammas, medium-energy (e.g., 511 keV) gammas, pions, muons, and neutrinos. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Instead of exploding, it sputters and fumes and splits into pieces and generally makes a mess. We must use a bigger bomb. Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. It's the most expensive substance on Earth, costing quadrillions of dollars for a single gram. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. Antimatter is the opposite of matter. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. That's5 thousand trillion euros. The resulting temperatures would be "well beyond the upper limit for life and the surface of the Earth would have been baked free of living microbes." Crash it into an iridium block. Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. As radioisotopes in bananasdecay, they release pairs of electrons and anti-electrons. by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.18410 12 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). And for my Trekkie friends out there, that also means fusion-poweredwarp driveslike those on Star Trek ships are unlikely to be a thing any time soon. Cookie Notice This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). None. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? Privacy Policy. (W/W) = (R/R). If antimatter makes contact with air it will cause an explosion. The human body also releases antimatter. An antimatter powered spaceship would have a higher thrust-weight ratio than ones powered by other fuels, which means it could travel faster. $> 10^{32}J$. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. When antimatter collides with matter it can end up creating the largest explosion in human history. The cost of creating antimatter like this makes it the world's most expensive substance. All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. First, let's talk about blast waves. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Back To Anycalculator.com Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184kilojoules (or 4,184 joules) of energy are released. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. and our [3] Cost [ edit] The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. The TNT explosion radius becomes: In case of ranges where the public access is denied, the blast radius becomes: Energy from different sources Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. It actually produces one about every one hour and fifteen minutes. This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. A block in a city? TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. So far, so good. However that would require a lot more than 10kg. The pressure decays exponentially over time and has positive and negative (suction) phases. Extreme caution is advised. Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? [9], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. Thankfully, outside the realms of science fiction, we won't see antimatter destroying cities anytime soon. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. Michael Doser who works in the only factory making it describes thisreaction as "probably the most violent process you can think of because the full mass of the object disappears and transforms into energy". ", "Beirut Explosion: What Happened in Lebanon and Everything Else You Need to Know", "Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media", "Seismic Experiments on the North German Explosions, 1946 to 1947", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, "Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects", "Kinetic Energy of Tornadoes in the United States", "Frequently Asked Questions Electricity", "Country Comparison:: Electricity consumption", "NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release? This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. For safety purposes a range as wide as 26736702J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). The team hasn't found any other meaningful differences between matter and antimatter. "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Use MathJax to format equations. That should be a pure gamma output initially, but I'm curious as to what would happen to the atmosphere - what will happen to that much energy, will fission happen and how much life will survive? Unravelling this cosmic conundrum is what the researchers at CERN's Antimatter Factory are trying to do. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? Actually, its even worse than that, because matter and antimatter particles annihilate one another whenever they come into contact! The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. rev2023.5.1.43405. Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? Speed it up enormously 3. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? A city entirely? Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. It's not them. And yet, there is very little antimatter in the universeso its been a known problem for many years. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. Scale that over the entire planet and you get 2.9 kg of antielectrons. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. What if I had 1 anti-hydrogen atom or enough antimatter that's equal in "weight" to a hydrogen atom? This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. The asteroid belt just happens to contain a 400 km asteroid built to order, 10 Hygiea Plugging in the numbers (assuming a 17 km/sec impact) you get somewhat more than 1E28 joules, a rather significant savings compared the the gravitational potential of the earth, but still a lot of antimatter just to destroy it with a single bomb, roughly 6E10 kg of antimatter. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. (On a much bigger scale to be sure -- it's not a good thing to have around the neighborhood.). Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. "The best explanation that we have found up to now is to say that there's a slight difference in the properties of particles and antiparticles,"Professor Doser says. Such an asteroid would boil away the oceans and transform the atmosphere into one of steam and molten rock." You bet. Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. Can we add matter and antimatter to the universe? "We make such minute quantities that even if you were to destroy all the antimatter that we're making in the course of a year, it wouldn't be even enough to boil a cup of tea.". Energy = Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. Taken shamelessly from my previous answer here. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Its easy to see why secularists, desperate to explain their existence apart from a Creator, would cling to such fantastic notions. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. 1 Answer. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. So 1 mg 18F-FDG will produce about ~10^15 times as much annihilation energy as a single anti-proton (these are just rough estimates to get a feel for the magnitudes involved).
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