No party was able to win a clear majority, and without political consensus, successive governments could not effectively govern the nation. To what extent was authoritarian control achieved in two 20th-century states? What followed soon after were two devastating wars. In January 1933, when the old war hero, President Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to serve as Chancellor in a coalition government, the Nazis could hardly believe their luck. While downplaying more extreme goals, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party offered simple solutions to Germanys problems, exploiting peoples fears, frustrations, and hopes to win broad support. We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. (May 2006), Analyse thenature and extent of internal opposition and the methods used to deal with this opposition by Stalin, Evaluate the contribution to the rise to power of Hitler of each of the following: National Socialist ideology; the use of force; economic crises. PDF Making Sense of Competitive Authoritarianism: Lessons from - Cambridge Hitlers ideological goals included territorial expansion, consolidation of a racially pure state, and elimination of the European Jews and other perceived enemies of Germany. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. Beijing has insisted it respects the status of the independent nations that emerged from the USSR after totally unacceptable remarks by Chinas ambassador to France questioning the sovereignty of former Soviet states sparked outrage in EU capitals. 1. After local resistance was crushed, Mussolini's regime established a tight grip over the region. In Weimar Germany they thrived' - Condon However, in Indonesia the democratic process was suspended altogether and after about a decade of independence . The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. Advances in the technology of killing included the use of poison gas. Taking advantage of new modes and media that emerged in the early twentieth century, these . (May 2005), To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? - How did the collapse of the USSR affect Cuba? The modern Italian soldier on the stamp is dressed like a Roman legionnaire. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. How successful was Castro's domestic policy in meeting his aims for Cuba? 89 - How did the USA use economics to try and destabilise Castro? How long, and how many casualties did it take for the Fascists to defeat the Socialists? Separately, Chinas envoy to the EU, Fu Cong, said in an interview published on Monday that Beijings cooperation with Europe and other nations was endless, just as its ties with Russia were unlimited. They were confident they could control Hitler. It was a cataclysm that darkened the worlds view of humanity and its future. However, their solution was "Italianization." They had to be conquered or excluded from the Italian nation. In 1932, ninety-nine people were killed in the streets in one month. [2017] Discuss with refto two authoritarian states. Antisemitism (discrimination against Jews) defined Nazism in Germany, but that was not exactly the case with Italian Fascism, at least before 1938. (May 2009. This article details some of those experiments. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW (2) How did Fidel Castro consolidate and maintain his power? In 1923, he was imprisoned for trying to overthrow the government. DOCX DR. SIELINSKI - IB HISTORY - Home Germany has awakened! -Frequent changes of chancellor. All rights reserved. Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism - ThoughtCo The devastating economic effects of lockdown measures have pressured all governments to find a workable balance between public health concerns and citizens economic needs. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. P2 - Authoritarian States | historychamps These youth groups fostered a cult of violent masculinity, expected girls to aspire only to traditional maternal roles, and promoted the authoritarian belief of blind loyalty to the nation. But Beijing is nonetheless working to amplify authoritarianism around the world. Advanced, deadly weapons, including the use of gas by the Italian Army, made the fight pretty one-sided. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda. These decisions affected political officials, army members, peasants, ethnic minorities, artists, scientists, intellectuals, foreigners, and ordinary Soviet citizens. Authoritarian states DO NOT emerge in times of peace and prosperity. Many other Japanese citizens, however, embraced the cause of nationalism and military expansion. The kulaks are just one example. Emergence of Authoritarian States - History Rising 81 - What was Castro's early ideology based around? This is a list of key notes that you can use in paper 2 as the most important factors that need to be studied as recommended by the History guide. EU leaders are expected to discuss China policy in June after a recent trip by Emmanuel Macron exposed differences in approach towards handling Xi Jinpings authoritarian rule. You should include the following ideas from the unit content of Paper 2 Topic Authoritarian States: Emergence of the State. The Fascists soon followed up with assaults throughout the region. 83 - How did Castro's policies on elections + INRA reflect this shift? Emergence of a German Authoritarian State - Matteo Aprile IB History Only outside of Italy, in the arena of empire, were the Fascists really able to experiment with totalitarianism. Mao - Vocab - Google Docs To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. 'Domestic policy rarely managed to achieve its aims', Discuss how far you agree with this statement with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied, both from different regions. First and foremost is a penchant for feeble rather than decisive leadership. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. Many authoritarian and authoritarian-leaning governments have not responded well to the pandemic. He had plans to expand into the Balkans and acquire Albania as a territory. Certainly, Mussolini and the Fascists saw ethnic minorities as impediments to the creation of a purely Italian state. Summarise how Castro established control, and how he dealt with external and internal enemies 'Maintenance of power was reliant upon the silencing of opposition". The author argues that Italian Fascism never gained the level of totalitarian control the Nazis had in Germany. Authoritarian State (Castro) Emergence of Authoritarian States Conditions in which the authoritarian state emerged (Economic-Social Division-Impact of War-Weakness of Political System) Conditions Economic Factors: o In the 19th Century, Cuba's economy entirely depended on the exportation of slave produced goods and trade with the U.S o U.S companies owned many Cuban plantations This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. The Path to Nazi Genocide, NARRATOR: Germanys fledgling democracy was profoundly tested by the crumbling of old values and fears of what might come next. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933, NARRATOR: Crime was on the rise. Consolidation and maintenance of power. But they are a minority in the authoritarian camp, and regimes with relatively successful pandemic responses are not guaranteed to reap political benefits from their actions. 100-01 - What economic policies did the Government introduce to deal with the issues that Cuba faced? Nationalism, independence movements Six people died. The governments of Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Burundi, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Nicaragua, Russia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Zimbabwe, for example, have displayed serious shortcomings in confronting the coronavirus, shortcomings that often reflect core features of their authoritarian governance. The humiliation of Germanys defeat and the peace settlement that followed in 1919 would play an important role in the rise of Nazism and the coming of a second world war just 20 years later. Now that youve skimmed the article, you should preview the questions you will be answering. Crime was on the rise. In the early 1930s, the frequency of elections was dizzying. Citizens surging discontent toward many authoritarian countries may not necessarily translate into immediate political instability or change. Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels planned to win over those who were still unconvinced. READ: Fascism in Italy (article) | Khan Academy Authoritarian States - LARSON'S IB HISTORY PPTX What is an Authoritarian State? - Weebly Tsahkna added: I hope that there will be an explanation. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. Authoritarian States 85-86 - What challenges did he face in 1959 and how did he overcome them in the years that followed? How were the Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s similar? By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. READ: Fascist Histories, Part II - Exercising Authoritarianism Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for starting the war and to pay heavy reparations. A third phrase promoting the "chosen leader" view in the contemporary political context is perhaps the most dangerous, and that is the idea of an "end-time judge" who declares what is good . Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. As a result of Mussolini's compromises, conservative and liberal elements within the state blocked most revolutionary goals of Fascism. 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam niversitesi . -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932. In Turkey, where mayors in Istanbul and Ankara affiliated with the opposition party have won praise among their constituents for their responses to the pandemic, President Recep Tayyip Erdoan has actively tried to undermine them whenever possibleannouncing weekend curfews on short notice to leave the opposition mayors flat-footed, canceling charity fundraisers that the mayors organized, and shutting down opposition-run food kitchenseven at the cost of weakening the countrys broader response to the pandemic. These groups, he claimed, were biologically different from "western Mediterranean" and European people. . Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? Today's China is not yesterday's Soviet Union. Analyse themethods used to eliminate opposition by two single-party rulers, each chosen from a different region. Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. Rightwing propaganda and demonstrations played on fears of a Communist revolution spreading from the Soviet Union. leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader. 82 - How did Castro establish his government, and what challenges arose? 2. Effective national public health responses to the pandemic require not just clear, consistent mandates from the top, but integrated approaches in which regional and local authorities can take initiative, adapt responses to local conditions, and report critical information up the line. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933 (May 2007, 2005), Analyse the methods used to maintain power by either Pern or Stalin. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. During this time, about one-third of the Communist Party's three million members were killed. Authoritarian states (20th century) Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the Authoritarian leaders revel in projecting an image of strength. This created famine conditions. NARRATOR: What are two of the ways Fascism took shape in the Po Valley? David Wong was a 20192020 James C. Gaither Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is currently working on a digital start-up. More than one third of all German men aged 19 to 22 were killed. -continued to have a relationship PDF A History Of Korean Literature (PDF) Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Additionally, the study shows how the continued use of practices from authoritarian times revealed the weakness of the democratic transition in Myanmar.
