napier grass production per acre

Before starting the cultivation of Napier grass, plough the field and harrow it very well. These nodes can be purchase by local farmers or your nearby branch under the government scheme. For corn, the breakeven price was reached in 2years during the 5-year period and 7years of the 10-year period. In warm-season (C4) grasses. The GA-06G peanut cultivar was used in all crop years at a seeding rate of 19 seed m1 [12]. This will incluces germination positively.The stem at interval of 60 cms gab. This is the method which gives very high yields of herbage even in the seasons which are dry. High Yield: 25 tons per acre and 8 harvests per year. The rainfall received in 2013 is the primary reason the napier grass lodged and complicated harvest. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [4]. Plant become stunted and eventually die. Economic feasibility of biofuel crops in Florida: energycane on mineral soils. He focuses on learning and delivering knowledge on Agriculture and Home Gardening. It is also important to understand the returns relative to traditional crops and cropping systems for varying crop prices. Breakeven prices for napier grass ranged from $65 to $84Mg1 at variable and total costs. After harvest, samples were further cured to around 9% moisture, weighed, and riffle divided to obtain a 1800g sent to the Alabama Federal State Inspection Service (Dothan, AL) to obtain peanut grade factors including foreign material, total sound mature kernels, sound splits, other kernels, loose shelled kernels, and damage kernels. 1. The roots of the Napier grass which are deep are the ones which make it resistant to drought. For the cultivation of Napier grass, make sure that the soil pH is between 5 and 8. Wastewater can also be used for irrigation. Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Georgia Coastal Plain Cropping Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1, Agronomic performance, nitrogen acquisition and water-use efficiency of the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium in a monoculture and intercropped with alfalfa in Scandinavia, Perennial Bioenergy Crop Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen Fertilization, Alley Cropping System in Degraded Land of Central India: Evaluation of Crop Performance, Economic Benefit and Soil Nutrients Availability, Conservation Agriculture-based Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Systems Leads to Energy Conservation, Higher Productivity and Farm Profitability, Cover crops for weed suppression in organic vegetable systems in semiarid subtropical Texas, Herbage accumulation, nutritive value and beef cattle production on marandu palisadegrass pastures in integrated systems, Green Manuring for Low-input Irrigated Maize Cultivation as an Energy Crop in Mediterranean Climates, Mulching and nitrogen management in peanut cultivation: an evaluation of productivity, energy trade-off, carbon footprint and profitability, Utilisation of cover crops: implications for conservation agriculture systems in a mediterranean climate region of South Africa, https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2011-0721-02-RS. Year was regarded as random with fixed treatments and the main effects and interactions tested using appropriate error terms. Harvest the crop once in 45 days. It is almost between the front and back legs. Moisture was adjusted to 15.5% for final yield determination. The main reason is that the production cost per ton and the partial net returns to irrigation between the two irrigation rates were very close because the additional per hectare revenue in the 100% irrigated napier grass was basically negated by the additional irrigation application cost compared to the 50% irrigated napier grass. Calculating breakeven yields, prices, and cross commodity prices in annual crops is straightforward. Stem cuttings (3 nodes lengths) were placed in a sand and soil mix during the fall of 2009. Merkeron napier grass plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut, corn, and cotton cropping systems study. 11, 574582 (2018). By all means, yes! Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants. Weeding can be done just before 20 days of your next crops. cut them just a few inches over the ground level. Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in Do not graze animals directly on Napier grass. These estimates provide information the initial criteria for consideration of napier grass as a potential crop in coastal plain region of Georgia. After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. On a dry matter basis, breakeven napier grass prices at variable cost ranged from $65 to $69Mg1 depending on irrigation regime and fertility treatments and breakeven prices at total cost ranged from $84 to $91Mg1. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS JMP12 and Tukeys Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to test in crop yield response to irrigation and fertility treatments. Such people easily become ready to start their own hydroponic farming business at the commercial level. The soils which are light loamy and sandy are most preferred and heavy soils are not much encouraged for the growth of Napier grass. Each plot consisted of three rows 10m long (2m between rows) with 9 plants within each row. The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. Higher N rates are important in achieving high irrigated napier grass yields but K rates did not influence yield. Differences in napier grass yield resulted between the irrigation rates and the non-irrigated yield (Table 3). Economic comparison of energy cane as a bioenergy feedstock has been a focus in these regions. Resulting from objective 2 will be cross commodity breakeven prices for each crop such that returns per acre are equal providing price points at which napier grass is economically competitive to the cropping system as well as crops with the system. We assume that the crop mix is equally balanced with peanut, cotton, and corn for comparison with napier grass. Other napier varieties at optimum guarantee 16 tonnes wet and eight tonnes dry. Napier grass, a C4 monocot with high biomass production with good drought tolerance, water use efficiency, and performance across a wide range of soil conditions, was shown to have advantages in terms of biomass production compared to Alamo switchgrass and giant miscanthus in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia [6,7,8]. La Agicu 53(4):1011, Salassi ME, Brown K, Hilbun BM, Deliberto MA, Gravois KA, Mark TB, Falconer LL (2014) Farm-scale cost of producing perennial energy cane as a biofuel feedstock. Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. Napier grass is the primary source for the production of paper in many regions across the country. Merkeron was released by the University of Georgia in 1989 with improved yield potential and disease resistance and selected for this research because of the yield potential shown across irrigated and non-irrigated production regimes [9]. With the grass yielding about 600 bales per acre in one season and you can harvest 4 times in an year.The 2400 bales of Brachiaria grass can generate about 720000 .A bale of Brachiaria grass is more expensive than boma Rhodes and sells at 400.Brachial gives 20 tonnes of green fodder per acre. Packchong1 is the official name of Super Napier grass. After the sowing process gets completed, the first irrigation does just by showering water on the soil. Napier grass also performs well in the temperatures varying between 26C to 42C. Higher than normal rain events during the summer and fall of 2013 caused major lodging and resulted in a less efficient harvest. . This method gives good results than the conventional one. The shoot become hard and flowers prematurely. The Napier grass has a very high production of biomass. Super Napier grass which is scientifically a cross of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Poultry farming investment for 5000 chicken farm Before getting the method and idea of poultry farming, let's understand initial investment to start a poultry farm. READ MORE: WASTE DECOMPOSER! Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 8:134141, Lamb M, Sorensen R, Nuti RC, Butts CL, Faircloth WH, Eigenberg D, Rowland DL (2011) Agronomic and economic effect of irrigation rate in corn produced in Georgia. (2013) made a similar observation and suggested that soil N availability in a Tifton loamy sand must remain above 100kgha1year1 in order to maintain yield stability [2]. Thus, producer objectives would drive irrigation level. You may use . In non-irrigated production regime napier grass was, however, more competitive. It produces about 45 tonnes per hectare in a year and the harvesting can be done at least four times a year. The sod growing in Pampanga is the so-called "Super Napier" grass, which is packed with energy. Interest and focus on development of renewable biofuels has been increasing over the past decade leading to the introduction of a wide cadre of renewable feedstocks. Cost of production estimates for peanut, corn, and cotton were taken from the University of Georgia Crop Extension budgets for non-irrigated and irrigated production. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. 2014. 2014 showed a range of $88 to $101Mg1 with land rent included over five energy cane varieties and crop cycle lengths. First, you need to separate the soil at the top from the subsoil. Bioenerg. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. Soc. Peanuts contributed the highest influence to net returns followed by cotton and lastly corn within the cropping system [21]. per oven-dry metric ton (ODMT) and $51-$57 perODMT, respectively than that of energy cane. Breakeven yield and price provide the yield and price point at which costs of production are covered for a specific crop [19]. Your email address will not be published. For a long time, naturally cultivated farming can save 8 years of good yield and protein level. https://doi.org/10.2134/ctfm2014.0061, Davidson, J.I., Jr, M.C. If you are trying to plant slips, there is no need to wait for more time for the grass to grow. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. Utilizing a GIS-based approach to estimate production potential of three perennial grasses (giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)), it was estimated that 2.29.4 Tg year1 of total biomass and 7783296 Ml year1 of ethanol could be produced annually on marginal lands (field borders and grassed waterways) in the Coastal Plain Region of Georgia. Although the establishment of Napier grass is labour intensive, planting three-node cuttings will ensure high survival rates, sustained high dry matter production and a high number of Napier grass planting material (Table 3). The soft stem of the Napier grass makes it very simple for cutting. Principal purpose of chicken farm is to raise chickens for meat. 11236 cuttings are required for planting per acre. Potential Yields depend on agro-ecological zone and management but on average Napier grass can give upto 45 tons/ha of fresh weight. USDA Natl. The soil should be fully absorbed and given the required nutrients then the soil should be extinguished. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. The infected plants typically have small yellow leaves and short internodes. Napier grass was found to be more economically competitive with the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system in non-irrigated production than in irrigated production. The disease is mainly transmitted by plant and leaf hoppers and stem cuttings. After that, Super Napier grass will grow very fast and densely. The 100% irrigation level provided a 29% increase in yield over the non-irrigated treatment (8238kgha1) and 27% yield increase resulted for the 50% irrigation rate compared to the non-irrigated (5957kgha1). Cross commodity breakeven prices provide the prices change required such that the net returns between crops are equal. Napier grass can grow in a large variety of soils. Inclusive of annual establishment, biomass cultivation, harvest costs, and total variable cost of production was found to be approximately $1215ha1 with fixed and overhead costs of $346 and $74ha1, respectively [4]. The breakeven prices in the 100 and 50% irrigation levels were basically the same at approximately $69 and $90 per ton for variable and total cost (Table 5). In the absence of a reliable price series for napier grass or energy cane, one method to address this is the estimate the breakeven (minimum) price for napier grass at which napier grass would equal the returns over variable and total cost of the peanut, cotton, corn production system. BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERS. These '^' shapes will help plants to get all the ingredients particularly without disturbing another one. How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145:1321, Article This method provides more intuitive price comparisons for these traditional crops because the markets are established and prices are consistently reported. Super Napier grass directly impacts the physical growth of animals. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. HF cow milk production is very high in comparison of desi Indian cows. Once the weed is taken out the soil has to be enriched with sufficient nutrients, so that the crop yield much.After the first weed (30 days) or the second (45 days) taken the weed will grow depends on the nature of the soil. In current reports, chicken is 22% part of total meat globally. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. A producers risk aversion and expectations of future payoffs from new crop alternatives will also impact adoption [10]. Let's understand the performance and all the important points of HF cow and its milk. In H.E. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [ 4 ]. In rectangular pits, plantation of 10 cuttings should be done for every length 90 centimetres. According to statista.com report, there were more than 23.7 billion chickens in the world in 2019. It can affect the growth of the plant and create rottenness in your plants. To address this, partial budget analysis was utilized. The combined fertility treatments did not have an effect on napier grass yield (P=0.054). Cross commodity breakeven prices are also calculated within WholeFarm [16]. Cut a mature stem of Napier grass. HF cow gets the first lactation after becoming at least 2 years old. After this, watering should be done immediately. Super Napier grass is good for goats, even for the bigger cattle. Cuttings Style. How many times do people talk about desi cows for the dairy farming business? Total rainfall received was fairly consistent in all years for all crops with the exception of 2013. In case you missed it: How to Grow Alfalfa from Seed: A Guide to Planting to Harvesting . Buy Napier Grass Seeds From Here: Product Napier Grass Seeds. Pattee and H.T. The 336kgha1N rate was higher than the 84kgha1N rate in the 100% irrigation level (Table 4). In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. The first harvesting of Super Napier grass does after 60 to 70 days. When plants appear 15 cm and just more from the ground level, first composting can apply to the plants. Napier grass, a tropical plant, can grow up in drought and dry conditions. A study conducted in South Florida on mineral soil focused on the breakeven price of ethanol for ranges of biomass yields and processing costs concluding energy cane production could offer an economically feasible bioenergy feedstock [5]. The crop of Napier grass will be sown mostly in the last week of February to the last week of August in India. 50 kg P and 50 kg K per hectare using urea (46% N), triple superphosphate, TSP (20% P) and muriate . Organic compost is basic fertilizer that can use with almost every kind of cultivation. Total rainfall received and irrigation applied during the growing season for each crop is provided in Table 3. Cotton seeding rate was 12 seed m1. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The distance between the rows of the pits should be 60 centimetres. During the harvesting process, plants cut direct from their bottom portion of the stem but just above(2 to 3 inches) from the ground. Irrigated yield increases demonstrate the yield and economic importance of irrigation in coastal region of Georgia. Helsel. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. Potassium rate across all N rates did not have a significant effect on napier grass yield (P=0.7127). Available at http://www.nass.usda.gov (accessed 10 October 2016). Sita: Brachiaria grass is a tropical forage that is native to Africa. The plantation of Napier grass is done in the marginal slopes and lands in order to improve the fertility of the soil and to decrease the erosion of soil. Peanuts were dug and inverted using a 2-row inverter and allowed to cure in the field to approximately 18% moisture content. Breakeven yields (defined as cost per acre divided by price) represent the minimum required yield to production cost at the assumed commodity price. Now, the plantation has to be done along the contour line in order to control soil erosion. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year. Essentially, all US sugarcane is produced in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas totaling 26.9 million metric tons in 2012. The Napier grass which is harvested should be chopped to decrease the wastage at the time of animal feeding. The 5-year (20112015) average price in Georgia for peanuts, corn, and cotton was used in this study at $545.11Mg1, $1.71kg1, and $223.93Mg1, respectively [11]. In term of cost to maintain Napier grass was 77.4 US$ per year. The required breakeven prices in the 50 and 100% napier grass irrigation levels were basically the same. The middle row of each plot was harvested to obtain plot yield and samples for post-harvest quality evaluation starting in 2011. The depth of the land ploughed is deeper when done by the bull rather than when it is done by the tractor. The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. Then remove the stems of Napier grass which are at the ground level in order to remove the green material. . Super Napier grass yield per acre. Method of propagation. Nitrogen (28-0-0-5) was side-dressed twice for a yearly total of 235kgNha1 and potassium, phosphorous, and minor elements were applied based on recommended rates from soil analysis. Concerns related to reducing productive cropland for the production of biofuels are warranted and will continue into the future. 2013 focused on crop establishment cost and whole farm production costs of five perennial energy cane varieties produced under differing crop cycle lengths [4]. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. One is Round pit and the other is a rectangular pit. Super Napier grass even can recover the 30 to 40% amount of less dry fodder. Risks must also be considered as crop insurance coverage is available minimize downside yield and price risks for peanuts, cotton, and corn. Most people are now interested in Foreign breeds like Jersey and HF like cows. Azospirillum and phosphonates (800g per acre) or azophos (1600g) mix with 75% of recommended nitrogen and phosphorus, increase yield and reduce 25% fertilizer. To achieve this goal, increased emphasis was placed on the development of cellulosic biofuels. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. Unlike Berseem fodder, Super Napier grass grows by cutting nodes. Hybrid Chilli Yield Red and Green Per Acre in India. Res. Super Napier grass seeds price. Feed 70 kg or 7 headloads of fresh Napier grass to a dairy cow per day. The decision criteria for adoption of napier grass (or any crop enterprise) into existing cropping systems will depend on comparative profitability and risks. He made this hybrid plant by crossing ordinary Napier grass with pearl millet named pakchong1 where it is developed. Protoplast production from napier grass and pearl millet triploid hybrids. In rectangular pits, plantation of 10 cuttings should be done for every length 90 centimetres. The main effect of irrigation was significant for yield for all crops: napier grass, all years (30,396kgha1 100% irrigated vs. 28,114kgha1 50% irrigated vs. 22,180kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); peanuts (6395kgha1 irrigated vs. 4205kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); cotton (1537kgha1 irrigated vs. 795kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); and corn (12,847kgha1 irrigated vs. 3228kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)) (Table 2). The leaves which are young and tender seem very tasty when served as feed to livestock or cattle. When viewed within irrigation levels, the partial net returns to N did not vary within any of the irrigation rates, but the returns were numerically higher at the 168 and 336kgha1 than the lower rate suggesting the higher rates will provide yield stability and provide marginally higher returns to N application at these rates. Just beside horns, Gir cow ears rest downwards. CAS Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. Head smut was reported first in 1910 from Napier grass specimen collected from Cameroon. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. Next subsequent harvesting is done on the gap of 45 to 50 days each. When considering the grass yield of cultivation, the annual CH 4 yield per area obtained from Napier grass at the cutting intervals of 30, 40, 60 and 90 days was 2700, 4763, 6500 and 6013 m 3 . These horns are not so big but they are one of the signs to identify the Gir cow breed. Every cutting must fix at a 45 to 55-degree angle. In the Coastal Plain region of Georgia, cropping systems primarily consist of peanut, cotton, and corn produced in both irrigated and non-irrigated regimes. Dairy farming animals produce milk more than average in comparison to other mixtures of green and dry fodder. After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. Producers should also consider the implications of the multi-year commitment of perennial crop production relative to the flexibility of altering annual cropping sequences as factors influencing net returns change. But in the present time, things are changed. 2. Yield per acre. . Make sure that you are applying at least 10 to 12 tonnes of farmyard manure in each and every hole. In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. In 2015, Georgia peanut acreage was 785,000 with a yield of 4330 pounds per acre and a farm gate value of $656 million. Educ. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. However, since napier grass is a perennial with multi-year production cycle, the breakeven prices for napier grass must be also calculated relative to the peanut, cotton, corn rotation system and not just against each crop individually. Now, place the splits of the root in the holes of planting and cover the soil. Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mrtensson, Ana Barreiro, Erik Steen Jensen, Sichao Wang, Gregg R. Sanford, Kurt D. Thelen, Sunil Kumar, T. Kiran Kumar, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Flabiele S. da Silva, Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Aikaterini Karyoti, Kyriakos D. Giannoulis, Nicholaos G. Danalatos, Mousumi Mondal, Sourav Garai, Rajib Kundu, Ernst H. Smit, Johann A. Strauss & Pieter A. Swanepoel, BioEnergy Research Irrigation and fertilizer treatments began in spring of 2011. Breakeven prices were lowest in the non-irrigated treatment at $64.85 for variable cost and $84.34 for total costs. These breakeven prices reflect the competiveness of napier grass grown as a perennial crop compared to individual annual crops commonly grown in rotation sequences together. The price required for napier grass to compete with the peanut, cotton, corn production system ranged from $99 to $121Mg1 with total costs included mainly dependent on irrigation rate. Plots consisted of 18 rows established on 0.91M spacing with a plot length of 18m long with a 3m border/buffer between treatments. in other agricultural systems. The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. 8 harvests per annum. Agric Water Manag 96:10781084, Mooney DF, Roberts RK, English BC, Tyler DD, Larson JA (2009) Yield and breakeven price of Alamo switchgrass for biofuels in Tennessee. If necessary, remove the second spell within 45 days. He created Agriculture Review as a common platform for all nature enthusiast to learn better practices of agriculture, gardening & shop quality products & services. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. Your seed/cutting must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, your yield may not be in extra amount. Napier plant grass can also undergo intercropping with the crops like fodder trees, legumes etc. The entire stem should be planted at the time of heavy rainfall and in the areas which are hilly. Directly estimating the farm level returns of napier grass as a bioenergy feedstock is limited by the absence of price data for dry matter napier grass. In this article I will guide you on complete details about Napier grass cultivation. The breakeven napier grass price was estimated such that the net returns were equal between napier grass and peanut, cotton, corn cropping systems. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in