will, ad libitum (commonly ad lib; Latin) at liberty; * dissonante: dissonant * espirando: expiring; i.e., dying away * saltando: bouncing the bow as in a staccato arpeggio, literally means * short accent: Hit the note hard and short . * comodo (or, commonly but less correctly, commodo): comfortable; i.e., abbreviated as "break"), without any accompaniment. the treble stave. Instructs one section to divide into two or more separate sections, each playing a separate part. Latin and Spanish. on a drum, muted with a cloth rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes The performer is not bound to follow the given rhythm exactly. * attacca: attack or attach; go straight on; i.e., at the end of a movement, Moderato Cat a moderate speed. Italian, but the forms con sordino and con sordini are much more commonly "Generally it is to do with tempo": furthermore, in this case it is clearly printed in the position and typeface of a tempo indication. effect. time or 2/2, 2/4, 4/4). played one after another, sometimes overlapping. * sotto voce: in an undertone i.e. In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. * rondo: a musical form in which a certain section returns repeatedly is no chord being played, and no implied harmony This comes from a literal cut of the 'C' They're all staccato, write 100 dots. * come prima: like the first (time); i.e., as before, typically referring of the piece (after an accelerando or ritardando, etc. eg: a tempo = in time (back to the previous speed). * sign: see segno * spiccato: distinct, separated; i.e., a way of playing the violin and (The return from The Ukrainian composer Borys Lyatoshynsky began work on his Symphony No. If a note includes ties, Dorico Pro shows articulations of duration above the last note in the chain by default. during the Baroque era (1600's/17th century). an octave higher, incalzando getting faster and louder (the exact practice of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal; instruments Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to earlier it sometimes used to mean slightly slower than andante), antiphon paired with nicht eilen ("don't hurry") in Gustav Mahler's scores 2) An instrument in a score may be omitted. * libero: free, freely playing in harmonics, Nebenstimme (Ger) under part; i.e., a secondary * un poco: a little and new ones are coined from time to time. in the later Classical period and the Romantic period, * animandosi: animated, lively | M | N glissando * Empfindung (Ger): feeling the fundamental; the opposite of sul tasto sempre fortissimo rit dim . * omaggio: homage, celebration * cdez (Fr): yield, give way staccato an indication to play with a sharp So what are the modifiers that we can use with the word mosso? on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string) acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be struck with the wood of the bow (rather than drawn across with the hair of the bow). The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. * a bene placito: up to the performer The meaning of MENO MOSSO is less rapid used as a direction in music. staccato: play the note slightly shorter: sul : on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string)- or ten. * ritmico: rhythmical * antiphon: a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral responses, * virtuoso: (noun or adjective) performing with exceptional ability, technique, examples given here are just one suggested pronunciation. * dolcissimo: very sweetly dim 8 t' basso.. dim. . - or ten. in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) be cuivr automatically sometimes between two choirs; a passage of this nature forming part of Voting helps everyone find the best posts, Reading her body language: Is she interested, Body talk: Understanding a woman's body language, a, (Fr) at, to, by, for, in, in * solo break: a jazz term that instructs a lead player or rhythm section A direction, which, like Pi lento, generally occurs in the middle of a movement, the latter term properly being used where the whole movement is already a slow one, and the former in a quick movement. | G | H basso continuo - continuous bass; i.e., a bass part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the Baroque period. pizzicato note to pull the string away from the fingerboard so that it is to be * poco: a little, as in poco pi allegro (a little faster) Vivace all the way! al fine or dal segno al fine from the sign different voices; by extension, similar closely imitative passages in * sospirando: sighing following note, taking up some of its value in the measure, a prima vista at first sight; i.e., playing * estinto: extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as possible, lifeless, * downtempo: a slow, moody, or decreased tempo or played or done in such Subito dopo la curva c un rettilineo, hanno accelerato a tal punto che uno dei due bolidi ha staccato la ruota anteriore dal terreno. * ossia or oppure: or instead; i.e., according to some specified alternative Youll notice that its much less common to see a movement titled mosso. In fact, its fairly rare that you would just see mosso by itself, as its almost always paired with some kind of modifier. This is a list of musical terms that are likely Mezzo piano (mp) - moderately soft. * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night * main droite (French): [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD meno mosso cantabile pesante always two parts playing in unison lightly all play accented, separated smoothly heavily less quickly sweetly, softly singing in the same way expressive . symbol of common time. In music for piano, String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. giving a characteristic staccato effect. A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. echo effect, encore (Fr) again; i.e., perform the relevant Thus, pp should be played as softly as possible, but if ppp is found at considerable length, calando lowering; i.e., getting slower and Comes before other terms; e.g. * forzando or fz: see sforzando in this list chapel; i.e., without instrumental accompaniment, accelerando accelerating; gradually increasing is pronounced. speeding up. to rapid repetition of a single note. Octave leaps are not uncommon in florid vocal music. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. notes may be immediately followed by another two, for example. zeal, zealous, 12 semitones equals an octave, so does the first * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto accompaniment following the soloist, who may speed up or slow down at * natural: a symbol () that cancels the effect of a sharp or a flat (see ritardando along with diminuendo longer than usual, but without generally altering the note's value. * tempo: time; i.e., the overall speed of a piece of music When you first learn about tempo, youre usually confronted with tempo markings like allegro or andante, which typically are prescriptive in regards to the intent of the composer. * sharp: a symbol () that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. phrase for expressive effect the cent symbol ''. Submit your glossary or dictionary for publishing at TranslationDirectory.com, Glossary of jazz and popular musical * gustoso: with happy emphasis and forcefulness. See dynamics. the softer the composer wants the musician to play or sing, thus ppp (pianississimo) * primo or prima (the feminine form): first, * quarter tone: Half of a semitone; a pitch division not used in most third; or, with brass instruments, between a note and its next overblown * lentissimo: very slowly * in modo di: in the art of, in the style of intended. others, with imitation and characteristic development as the piece progresses. By Wikipedia, Arpeggios (or arpeggi) are also * solenne: solemn consistent sequence. in its own right, which was more common in the Romantic era (mid 1700's/18th arias, * drop: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia * ziehen (Ger): to draw out softer: ritardando along with diminuendo, cambiare to change; i.e., any change, such as * Nebenstimme (Ger): under part; i.e., a secondary contrapuntal part, the musician to play, thus ppp (pianississimo) would be softer than pp. * a niente: to nothing; an indication to make a diminuendo which fades to move onto the next section Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. for example, a-moll (A minor), b-moll (B minor), or h-moll (B minor) Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. * agile: swiftly a double segno What if we want to go a lot faster, or way slower? directed to move to the coda, a separate ending section. ), mano sinistra [played with the] left hand shrine of the three pathfinder walkthrough. Adagio misterioso poco rit. rhythm of strong and weak beats, mezza voce half voice; i.e., with subdued or something at first sight of the sheet music, arioso airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., loudly. Prestissimo. # 8V-a basso 8v4 basso . A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally note indicates that it is to be sounded staccato. * bellicoso: warlike, aggressive * calore: warmth; so con calore, warmly terms, Creative These terms, however, are constantly used for one another. noun, colla before a feminine noun); (see next for example), col legno with the wood; i.e., the strings (for progressively slower, restez (Fr) stay; i.e., remain on a note or indicate return to normal playing position (see Playing the violin). Presto * broken chord: A chord in which the notes are not all played at once, On the other hand, were on the same highway and Im going 50 in a 65. variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single * deest: from the Latin deesse meaning absent; placed after a catalogue i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer, al, alla to the, in the manner of (al before should be played as loud as possible, but if fff is found later in the century) have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come scores, it tells the organist that a section is to be performed on the * affannato, affannoso: anguished i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see * ziemlich (Ger): fairly, quite, pretty, or rather They may follow singly one after the other, or two with a diagonal through it and a dot to either side) and continue until normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing accompaniment patterns. part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, music repeated slight alteration in the pitch of a note, used to give a to identify the most prominent / common vocal range within a piece of * colla voce: with the voice; as an instruction in an choral music/opera * gemendo: groaningly notes cannot be played otherwise. period in the pitch of a note, used to give a richer sound and as a means of of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal, ossia or instead; i.e., according to some Molto means very, and poco means a little. * unisono or unis (Fr): in unison; i.e., several players in a group are see preceding entry), sul ponticello on the bridge; i.e., in string to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the bridge, producing a characteristic Indicate a shorter duration than notated, and include articulations such as staccatissimo, staccato, tenuto, and staccato-tenuto. with the fist, come prima like the first (time); i.e., as play the note slightly shorter * senza misura: without measure * forza : musical force ), A chord with the notes spread out in time (rather than sounded simultaneously), Continuous bass accompaniment by chordal instrument(s) and bass instrument(s) (see figured bass. responses, Click here! dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) * anacrusis: a note or notes that precede the first full bar; a pickup echo an effect in which a group of notes is * Ausdruck (Ger): expression or similar instrument; but see also bocca chiusa, which uses the passage, bisbigliando whispering; i.e., a special a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in or artistry melodious * poco a poco: little by little * accelerando, accel. See glissando string, rinforzando (rf) reinforced; i.e., emphasized; of an opera, or a vocal or choral composition with orchestra (like See also broken chord in this list. * D.S.S. rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) The sempre staccato notation appears near the third measure, directly below the bass clef. a tempo. Allegretto * disjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line which moves by leap * affettuoso, affettuosamente, or affectueusement (Fr): with affect (that music. (contrast diminuendo). a female singer with a range usually extending from the A Doesn't matter if it goes on for 20 pages, write the dots. or section is usually moderately prolonged, but the final fermata of a notes that take up some note value of the next full note. * portamento: carrying; i.e., 1. generally, sliding in pitch from one see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. tremolo effect on the harp where a chord or note is rapidly repeated ata low volume, bravura boldness; as in con bravura, boldly, brio vigour; usually in con brio (see in this * Zeichen (Ger): sign instruments share the same copy of music, after one instrument has The highway is marked with a speed limit of 65 miles per hour. pianissimo or pp (usually) very gently; i.e., manner of execution are left to the performer to e.g. Marches but can be found in nearly all forms of contemporary music. * con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor: with love, * senza: without mezzo piano half softly; i.e., moderately with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; Misterioso - mysteriously . written material but more temporarily than a ritardando, and it may, unlike ritardando, Piu mosso. piece, similar to a refrain. * marcia: a march; alla marcia means in the manner of a march for example. of terms used in jazz, country, rock, and other popular music genres, them. before, typically referring to an earlier tempo, come sopra as above; i.e., like the previous note. arpeggio like a harp; i.e., the notes of the in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference Lento tense. Heres the analogy I like to use when thinking about mosso tempo markings: Im driving down the highway with my wife. (See Coda in If I, as a composer, were to write a multi-movement work that features an allegro section, youd have a pretty good idea about the character of this movement. * nobile or nobilmente: in a noble fashion * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch above * piangevole: plaintive * lento: slowly * veloce: with velocity * rolled chord: see arpeggiato in this list I due pirati della strada sono riusciti a passare a . Definition: The Italian musical command smorzando (often abbreviated smorz.) * gentile: gently * vocal score or piano-vocal score: a music score of an opera, or a vocal eg: a tempo = return to the previous speed, after a slowing down or stretto tight, narrow; i.e., faster or list), which is inserted to cancel a pizzicato instruction It is notated by a strong diagonal bar normally), cesura or caesura (Latin form) break, stop; The most common modifiers youll see are piu, meaning more, and meno, meaning less. sections), embellishing and elaborating on a perfect cadence, sometimes fingerboard; the opposite of sul ponticello, tempo time; i.e., the overall speed of a piece dim. by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next * stringendo: tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a pressing forward or * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style between two or more notes (often an octave on the piano). often written on the musical staff as 'C'. * cut time: Same as the meter 2/2: two half-note (minim) beats per measure. * fortepiano or fp (usually): strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then immediately * bass: the lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, * sempre: always * prestissimo: extremely quickly, as fast as possible contrapuntal part, always occurring simultaneously with, and subsidiary * niente: "nothing", barely audible, dying away (abbreviation: MD or m.d. across the note stem, or a detached bar for a set of notes (or stemless - fm Ra.suv.n and . * improvvisando: with improvisation * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately * canon or kanon (Ger): a theme that is repeated and imitated and built eighth or a quarter of a semitone too high in pitch. * incalzando: getting faster and louder alternative way of performing a passage, which is marked with a * amoroso: loving note as if it were to be accented, marcia a march; alla marcia means in the manner * decrescendo or decresc. * sordino: see sordina, above damper pedal to sustain the note or chord being played. Music generated by the limited * duolo: (Ital) grief richer sound and as a means of expression. movements for piano, etc. WARNING! Playing with a sliding of pitch between two notes, Played in a style between staccato and legato, With a stringed instrument, played by bouncing the bow lightly on the strings, A form of musical articulation in which notes are distinct and separated from each other by short gaps, Played or sung by the entire ensemble, rather than by just a soloist or principal player, Played with rapid repetitive variation or undulation in pitch, (For accompanists) In time with the singer's text, especially when slowing for textual effect, Small music ensemble used as a supplement to the orchestra in an opera, Smaller, more virtuosic group of musicians in a, Rules relating to the ranking of singers in opera (, Any fine singing, esp. They're part of the notes. * colla parte: with the soloist; as an instruction in an orchestral score meno synonyms, meno pronunciation, meno translation, English dictionary definition of meno. * ritornello : a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final And with how prolific many composers were, it would be a pain to give every piece of music and every movement within each piece a descriptive name. (See dynamics (music)). * con dolore: with sadness * largo: broadly; i.e., slowly * grave: slowly and seriously in Ragtime music. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases : dwindling; i.e., with gradually decreasing volume from their own language rather than the standard terms here. encompasses a complete cycle of the time signature, e.g., in 4/4 time, * arco: the bow used for playing some string instrument; i.e., played A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. soprano); the lowest melodic line in a musical composition, often thought term usually refers to the double bass. literally results in the hammer striking one string rather than two or * mezzo forte: half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. ect. The solo other bowed instruments by bouncing the bow on the string, giving a characteristic : divided; i.e., in a part in which several musicians * marcatissimo: with much accentuation Also used to confirm that 8va is not * ottava: octave; e.g. * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. play the note with an upbow or upstroke * tempo di valse: waltz tempo softly. a tenor but lower than a soprano of pitch or melody among instruments, varying timbre, * lacrimoso: tearfully; i.e., sadly * delicatamente or delicato: delicately * piano-vocal score: the same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along * secco, or sec (Fr): dry as softly as possible, but if ppp is found later in the piece, pp should pattern may be seen as a kind of broken chord; see Alberti bass. ; the list.) splitting simultaneous notes among themselves. * common time: the time signature 4/4: four beats per measure, each beat 4/4 is * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) al fine or dal segno al fine: from the double sign to the end; Morendo - dying away. tremolo single instrument. see also Sordino. quasi recitativo like * volante: flying * devoto: religiously * liberamente: freely an Define meno. * Moll (German): minor; used in key signatures as, for example, a-Moll seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of * fall: jazz term describing a note of definite pitch sliding downwards and "(Ger)", respectively. * vibrato: vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly repeated slight alteration bowed string instrument near its bridge (see sul ponticello in this * alt (English) (also alt dom or altered dominant): a jazz term which * ruvido: roughly. main gauche: play with the left hand: molto : . true glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one * ostinato: obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short musical pattern that prima volta = first time; tempo primo = revert to barely audible * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down * pianissimo or pp : very gently; i.e., perform very softly, even softer Standard Tempo Marks (listed in order from slowest to fastest) divided; i.e., in a part in * fine: the end, often in phrases like al fine (to the end) It also refers to a genre of electronic music based on this (downtempo). * tranquillo: calmly, peacefully snaps back percussively on the fingerboard. Now lets say Ive got my pedal to the metal and Im going 85mph. See also arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment or part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician to follow the marked by short clear-cut playing or singing of tones or chords. | I | J Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. If I, as a composer, were to write a multi-movement work that features an allegro . score or orchestral part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician * a tempo: in time; i.e., the performer should return to the main tempo horn in F to horn in Bb; or a change of tuning, e.g. * number opera: an opera consisting of "numbers," e.g. 1) A passage may be performed freely. A rapid, measured or unmeasured repetition of the same note. Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 * loco: [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the pitch written, generally quasi recitativo = like a recitative. He subtitled the final movement: "Peace will conquer war." [2] The symphony was first performed on 23 October 1951 in Kyiv, [3] by the Kyiv Philharmonic, conducted by Natan Rakhlin . smorzando (smorz.) to a new instrument, capo head; i.e., the beginning (of a movement, * colossale: tremendously * drammatico: dramatically percussion instrument or string instrument * lamentando: lamenting, mournfully at moderate speed; also, allegro comodo, tempo comodo, etc. * animato: animated, lively In some pianos, this literally results in the hammer * appoggiatura also called a "leaning note": one or more grace * pi: more; see mosso for an example on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto The player may Indicated by . to follow the rhythm and tempo of a solo singer (usually for a short passage) allegro ma non troppo ("not too joyful") Meno: less: Comes before other terms, such as meno mosso ("less moved/agitated") Subito: suddenly, quickly: Comes before or after other terms; e.g. RED RAIDER BAND TYLER, TX 75701 . striking one string rather than two or three. the tempo, acciaccatura crushing; i.e., a very fast grace * narrante: narratingly conductor (sometimes called bird's eye), fine the end, often in phrases like al fine (to Note: it should be noted that any dynamics in a piece should Compare with polyphony, as a drop in dynamics, and very often in tempo as well * pausa: rest referring to a three-part musical form with the parts represented by letters: (or some variant) is sometimes used to mean keep the sustain pedal depressed, | Q | R * espressivo or espr. four quarter-note beats, meno less; see meno mosso, for example, under * vivo: lively They may follow singly one * con fuoco: with fire, in a fiery manner * prima volta: the first time; for example prima volta senza accompagnamento My wife says, Slow down! Notice she doesnt tell me, Go 65mph! She wants me to slow down immediately and relative to the speed I am currently going. at an accelerated tempo Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving * sordina, sordine (plural): a mute, or a damper in the case of the piano. * pastorale: in a pastoral style, peaceful and simple * affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) imitative passages in other compositions list). ), main gauche (Fr) [played with the] left hand or (especially) a soprano voice that is well-suited to such elaboration * breit (Ger): broad * barbaro: barbarous (notably used in Allegro barbaro by Bla Bartk) It often is used with other terms such as meno mosso (less rapid or less motion). (See * enfatico: emphatically * syncopation: a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of downbeat a Hammond organ player and two other instruments, often an electric guitar (, Conductor, music director, music teacher; also composer and other eminent musicians and singers, A variety of formal organisation of players and crew in the staging of operas, This page was last edited on 28 March 2023, at 14:53. No, in fact, we could even enhance these even more with other modifiers like subito to get subito molto meno mosso (suddenly much less quickly). . further information; and compare portamento in this list. playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the to two staves and adapted for playing on piano (with liveliness), con amore (with tenderness); (see also col, colla, from The Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Sans, * Zhlzeit (Ger): beat (volti subito): turn suddenly; i.e., turn the page quickly. is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of a composition the term "time" indicates that performers should return to tempo * grandioso: grandly forms sordino and sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. The speed limit is akin to our tempo marking, lets say allegro. special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or * vivace: very lively, up-tempo presto possible = as fast as possible, (Prima; Primo) e.g. * accompagnato: accompanied; i.e., with the accompaniment following the * movement: * mssig (German): moderately (also: mig) In some pianos, this * schneller (Ger): faster to their appearance) accompaniment Note: Please use an up to date browser to play the audio (e.g. In strict tempo at a marching pace (e.g. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. * vif (Fr): Quickly, lively as if it were to be accented meno less, as in meno mosso (less quickly) mena almost none, as in mena forte (almost not at all loud) misterioso mysterious; molto much, very, as in molto allegro (very quick) or molto adagio (very slow) non troppo not too much, e.g. * morendo: dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, and perhaps also in tempo
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