What is the World Economic Forum doing about fighting pandemics? "Unlike H5N8, this disease is heavily impacting wild birds," said Johanna Harvey, a postdoctoral researcher at UMD and lead author of the study. 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An outbreak in Israel where 40,000 common cranes were gathered killed 8,000 of them in a matter of weeks. With avian influenza viruses, it is not possible to make effective human vaccines in advance, because we dont know exactly what the genetics of the virus will be if it starts to spread well in humans. A University of Maryland (UMD)-led team of researchers tracked the arrival and progression of the deadly bird flu (H5N1) in North America to determine how this outbreak is different from previous ones. Thats how the virus can go from Asia to Europe to North America all the way around the world, He said. A key part of the challenge, Webby says, is that like the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the avian flu virus has spun off several variants of concern. Where remote jobs are growing fastest - 4 charts show the locations and sectors, Understanding the impact of COVID-19 supply disruptions on exporters in global value chains, Laura Lebastard, Marco Matani and Roberta Serafini, How the pandemic accelerated digital transformation in advanced economies, Florence Jaumotte, Myrto Oikonomou, Carlo Pizzinelli and Marina M. Tavares, The pandemic made us nicer and the change might be lasting, Charted: The happiest countries in the world, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. Image:REUTERS/Navesh Chitrakar. University of Maryland. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. H5N1 is a specific type of influenza virus, predominantly harbored by birds, that was first detected on a goose farm in China in 1996. By October 2022, the disease had resulted in 31 reported wild bird mass mortalities, accounting for an estimated 33,504 wild bird detections in the U.S. and Canada. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk to public health from this outbreak is low. The virus does not pose a special risk in the nation's food supply, given proper handling. During past H5N1 bird flu virus outbreaks that have occurred in poultry globally, human infections were rare. Avian influenza, also known as avian flu, is a bird flu caused by the influenza A virus, which can infect people. "People in Central America and South America really need to be aware," he says, "that this virus is likely to arrive on their doorstepif it hasn't . After the migrating gull came ashore, the highly pathogenic avian influenza, also known as the H5N1 virus, exploded across North America. Human infections with bird flu viruses have most often occurred after close or lengthy unprotected contact (i.e., not wearing gloves or respiratory protection or eye protection) with infected birds or places that sick birds or their saliva, mucous and feces have touched. Most reported bird flu infections in people have happened after unprotected contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces. Nathan Howard/Getty Images "Unlike H5N8, this disease is heavily impacting wild birds," Johanna Harvey, a postdoctoral researcher and the lead author of the study published in Conservation Biology at the University of Maryland, said. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Turkey farms account for more than 70% of the commercial poultry farms infected in the outbreak, the USDA said. USDA has publicly posted the genetic sequences of several of recently detected H5N1 bird flu viruses found in U.S. wild birds and poultry. ", The long outbreak is discouraging, Hagerman says: "If we look at Europe, we can see that they are on two years of HPAI outbreaks. Avian flu is ravaging farmers and the markets. Here's what you need to know about the 2022 outbreak in the U.S.: The losses stretch across the U.S., and they're deepest in the country's middle: More than 1 million birds have been killed in each of 11 states that stretch from Utah to the Midwest and on to Delaware, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. But nearly 11 months after the first known wild case in the current outbreak, the deadly influenza virus is still here. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Why this bird flu is different: Scientists say new avian influenza requires urgent coordinated response. ", A biosecurity sign is seen at the Powers Farm, which raises turkeys in Townsend, Del. A man was also diagnosed with the virus in Chile, according to the World Health Organization. (2023, April 19). In January, Insider's George Glover explained the egg crisis facing Americans as prices surged by almost 60% in 2022 due to the influenza outbreak. Is it a vaccine? In the U.S. the virus has led to the destruction of millions of commercially raised chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese, and has killed thousands of wild birds. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious virus that affects all birds. No human illnesses have been associated with this virus in North America. Ultimately, the USDAs goal is to eradicate HPAI quickly after it is detected. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics Right now, the H5N1 bird flu situation remains primarily an animal health issue. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Outbreaks have had a devastating impact on poultry farmers, who are often forced to cull entire flocks in case of infection to stop the disease from spreading. "We've been dealing with low pathogenic avian influenza for decades in the poultry industry, but this is different." What are the triggers for different actions, and how do we measure if we're succeeding? www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/04/230419125054.htm (accessed April 30, 2023). Over the centuries, some of these avian influenza viruses have been passed from birds to humans and other mammalian species, although this is a relatively rare event. Scientists continue to monitor the ongoing global avian influenza outbreak also referred to as bird flu that has killed millions of birds and has now crossed over to some species of mammals. Hagerman warns that in a time of inflationary pressure and supply-chain snags, it can be hard to directly link a price hike to the virus. The latest outbreak of avian flu may have also shifted to a year-round disease from a more seasonal disease in previous outbreaks. Keep up with the latest scitech news via email or social media. Remember that the seasonal flu vaccine must be remade every year, even though the general types of flu viruses that it protects against are the same, because the specific genetic variants that affect humans change from year to year. The good news about H5N1 for humans is that it currently doesnt spread well between people. This webpage summarizes the current avian influenza (bird flu) situation in humans in the United States. CDC twenty four seven. There were only three cases of human infection in 2023, two in Cambodia, and one in China. Vaccination also could delay outbreak detection, since it can potentially hide non-apparent infections in infected birds. "For whatever reason, turkeys and layer birds tend to be more susceptible" to the virus, says Amy Hagerman, an assistant professor at Oklahoma State University who specializes in agricultural economics. The virus of concern in this outbreak is a Eurasian H5N1 HPAI virus that causes high mortality and severe clinical signs in domesticated poultry. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Explained, Stunning New Photographic Mars Map With Observations Made by the Emirates Mars Mission, Double Trouble: Unmasking the Alcohol Harm Paradox in Anxiety and Mood Disorders, The Brains Chill Pill Gene That Suppresses Anxiety Discovered by Scientists, Turning Your Smartphone into a Quantum Sensor: The Power of OLEDs, Peru decreed a 90-day health emergency in December 2022 after more than 13,000 pelicans died on its beaches, possibly infected with H5N1, on "Will the Largest Bird Flu Outbreak in History Lead to a Human Pandemic? Rescued chickens gather last year in an aviary at Farm Sanctuarys Southern California Sanctuary in Acton, Calif. Get the latest science news in your RSS reader with ScienceDaily's hourly updated newsfeeds, covering hundreds of topics: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. Materials provided by University of Maryland. This is because bird influenza viruses must mutate in several ways to infect mammals efficiently. Nearly 58 million birds from commercial and backyard flocks have been wiped out in the U.S. since last February, according to the U.S. Department of Agricultures Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. One reason for this is that using vaccines would potentially affect international trade and poultry exports. Though human infection is currently rare, efficient transmission between farmed minks in Spain raises concerns about potential human transmission. The bird flu surge has also . Avian influenza vaccines can reduce clinical signs, sickness and death rates in domestic poultry, but they would not prevent birds from becoming infected with the virus. Ask the Expert: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) has led to over 23 million bird deaths in 24 states. However, since then, infections in both humans and birds have been observed. Rescued chickens gather in an aviary at Farm Sanctuary's Southern California Sanctuary on Oct. 5 in Acton, Calif. A wave of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian flu has entered Southern California, driven by wild bird migration. We are also mammals. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Farmers can take steps to make their flock more biosecure, such as preventing birds and their feed from being exposed to wild birds. At this time, the Department of Agriculture has not approved the use of vaccination in the U.S. for protecting birds from avian influenza. No, thats not necessary. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. The deaths of chickens, turkeys and other birds represent the worst U.S. animal-health disaster to date, topping the previous record of 50.5 million birds that died in an avian-flu outbreak in 2015. The spread is much more complex than what we normally predict, Kuchipudi said. Most people who have contracted H5N1 have gotten it directly from interacting with infected poultry specifically chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, which often are raised in close quarters on large commercial farms. Total case counts for all human infections with H5N1 viruses reported since 1997 are. The viruss prevalence in the wild presents new challenges for its containment. The worst outbreak of avian influenza on record is threatening to stretch into a second year, as the U.S. races to contain a virus that has already caused some food prices to soar amid a shortage . The most important mutational changes affect the tissue tropism of the virus its ability to infect a specific part of the body. 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