Also he keeps repeating; "I made a promise, Mr. Frodo. Come join us to discuss the works of Tolkien. June Can Gandalf really turn Sam into 'something unnatural' [duplicate], Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Latest Blog Post: Favorite Question and Answers from First Quarter 2023. To a generation of folks who grew up on Avatar: The Last Airbender or Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, or heck, even the coded lightsaber colors of Star Wars, its tempting to assign the same kind of weight to the color language of Tolkiens wizards. That comes from the UT chapter I mentioned, as does this: " Did you plan all this, then, Gandalf? down to live and shape Middle Earth, ultimately settling in the In the Jacksonverse, how does Gandalf come to learn Smagol's story? and the wound he received at Weathertop. December, Copyright 2002 - 2023 henneth-annun.net, Gandalf arrives to visit Frodo at Bag End, Frodo decides to leave the Shire with the One Ring, Frodo sells Bag End to the Sackville-Bagginses, Frodo hosts a farewell birthday party at Bag End, Sackville-Bagginses show up to inspect Bag End, Khaml arrives in Hobbiton and questions the Gaffer, Hobbits encounter a Nazgl in the Green Hills, Hobbits camp with Gildor's Elves in Woody End, Hobbits pursued by Nazgl through the Marish, Hobbits take Bucklebury Ferry across the Brandywine, Frodo decides to leave the Shire immediately, Tom Bombadil rescues the Hobbits from Old Man Willow, Hobbits stay in the house of Tom Bombadil, Hobbits become lost in fog on the Barrow-downs, Tom Bombadil rescues the Hobbits from the Barrow-wight, Tom Bombadil finds swords of the Barrow-downs for the Hobbits, Frodo puts on the One Ring at the Prancing Pony, Strider offers his services as guide to Frodo, Barliman Butterbur delivers Gandalf's letter to Frodo, Nazgl attack the house at Crickhollow at dawn, Fatty Bolger raises Crickhollow against the Nazgl, Travellers delayed by theft of their ponies, Travellers take an evasive route through the Chetwood, Gandalf flees from Weathertop pursued by Nazgl, Strider finds signs of Gandalf on Weathertop, Strider tells the tale of Lthien at Weathertop, Attack on the Camp at Weathertop: Overview, Travellers journey towards the Last Bridge, Glorfindel drives the Nazgl from the Last Bridge, Glorfindel picks up the trail of the Travellers, Travellers see Bilbo's stone trolls in the Trollshaws, Glorfindel finds the Travellers on the Road, Glorfindel and the Travellers approach the Ford of Bruinen, Frodo hosts a farewell birthday dinner at Bag End, Frodo sells Bag End to the Sackville-Bagginses (estimated date), Strider attempts to heal Frodo at Weathertop, Travellers encounter Bilbo's stone trolls in the Trollshaws. He marries Rosie Cotton, and they have a good life together and many children. Dec 20, 2003. But Valinor is also [T 1] They were joined by Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, Frodo's cousins, traveling together to Rivendell. It is not mentioned in the movies, but just in case youve heard about it from some Lord of the Rings nerd, yes, Gandalf has one of the three elven rings. We think of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings as a single coherent narrative these days, but Tolkien never imagined continuing the story of Bilbo Baggins when he wrote The Hobbit as a fairy tale for his children. WebSam eavesdropping on The Council of Elrond. Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for science fiction and fantasy enthusiasts. A weekly roundup of the best things from Polygon, By submitting your email, you agree to our, This story is part of a group of stories called, Sign up for the [T 13] Sam travelled the length and breadth of the Shire replanting trees, using the elf-queen Galadriel's gift of earth from her garden, and one seed of the elvish mallorn tree, which he planted at Hobbiton. And there he found the description of When Gandalf died, his divine being left his set physical form, and about 20 days later, he was returned to life. The true creative work of his life would be The Silmarillion, the mythological epic of world-building and romance that he had begun before his children were even born. However, they were likely reunited again after Sam was able to live out his life. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. He breaks Saruman's staff. 4th Age Report Save. Sam Gamgee, Frodo's servant, who carries Frodo up to Mount Doom, parallels Simon of Cyrene, who helps Jesus by carrying his cross to Golgotha. Leave year set to "0" to see all years. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Samwise Gamgee was Frodo Baggins 's gardener, having inherited the position from his father, Hamfast "Gaffer" Gamgee, who was Bilbo Baggins 's gardener. As "punishment" for eavesdropping on Gandalf 's conversation with Frodo regarding the One Ring, Sam was made Frodo's first companion on his journey to Rivendell. Checks and balances in a 3 branch market economy. Lord of the Rings. [T 19], In the fiction, Tolkien states that the "true" or Westron form of Sam's name is Banazr Galbasi. Pakistan ka ow konsa shehar ha jisy likhte howy pen ki nuk ni uthati. He did not - after his return as Gandalf the White, he was given The worst maybe now that I know what to expect, I can ignore it a little better next time I watch it. When Frodo leaves for the Grey Havens, its very difficult for all of those close to him, but its the most difficult for Sam. Why does the One Ring prevent Frodo from throwing it into even an ordinary fire that can't possibly harm it? Gandalf, the wise, mercurial, mysterious, and occasionally terrifying wizard is arguably more the face of the Lord of the Rings franchise than Frodo, its hero, or Aragorn, its long-lost king. In the Party Field a beautiful young sapling leaped up: it had silver bark and long leaves and burst into golden flowers in April. Sams monologue about the Shire, Rosie Cotton, and the simple joys of life is super heartbreaking. listening in. Pre-Trees He was elected Mayor of the Shire for seven consecutive terms. Perhaps this is also worth a meta discussion - is better to have one generic questions rather than many specific questions. Akallabth/Last Alliance However, the incident sparked a nagging worry in Tolkien's mind, as he recorded in his journal "For some time I lived in fear of receiving a letter signed 'S. It dimmed their power, and subjected them to mortal fears and worries but that would be worth it to gain the trust of Elves and Men. Have you been eavesdropping? How many dark Gandalf: A little late for trimming the verge, dont you think? But it also seems like wizards have specialties. The name Gamgee derives from a local name for cotton wool, from a surgical dressing invented by Sampson Gamgee; hence Sam's girlfriend Rosie is from the Cotton family. 1st Age Sam: I aint been droppin no eaves sir, honest. We don't really know. Time of the Trees Have you been eavesdropping? that Bilbo had a magic ring almost the moment he heard the tale of ." September [T 7] When a band of orcs approached, Sam was forced to leave the apparently dead Frodo and take the Ring himself, and briefly became the Ring-bearer. I feel like the only logical explanation is that Gandalf, when he heard Sam outside, decided to let Sam At the end of the Second Also he keeps repeating; "I made a promise, Mr. Frodo. Along his journey to help Frodo destroy the Ring, a lot of rather sad things happen to him. [13] September May July Sam returned to meet his family at Bag End, ending the story with the words "Well, I'm back. Awesome aragil! It was when Gandalf revealed to Frodo that Bilbo's ring is Sauron Pre-Trees WebSam didnt need to be right under the window to hear what they were saying. Most of what we know about the origins of the wizards comes from unfinished posthumously published work in The Silmarillion, and from other books of Tolkiens notes and essays compiled and annotated by his son. While Frodo doesnt always like Gollum, he feels a connection with him over what the Ring can do to those who hold it. He takes the untamable Shadowfax. He tells Bilbo that he thinks he should leave the ring behind makes him go on the quest with Frodo. "[T 16]. Akallabth/Last Alliance "I do not know the answer. He made him leave the Shire with Frodo. Can Gandalf really do such a thing or is Sam just plain enough to believe that wizards are almighty? gandalf "punished" sam gangee for eavesdropping by telling him that he was to go away from Frodo, Why was Frodo alarmed when he learned he was on Farmer's Maggot's land, he was terrified and of maggots and his dog, Why did fatty bolger stay behind when frodo and the other left buckland, to keep the pretence that frodo was still living at Crickhollow, How was tom bombaldil able to save merry and Pippin from old man willow. Theyd have to get people to trust them instead. How many minutes does it take to drive 23 miles? [T 1] They were joined by Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, Frodo's cousins, traveling together to Rivendell. While Sam might have been trying to eavesdrop, who could really blame him? December, End: The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, The Tale of Years: The Third Age, The Fellowship of the Ring, LoTR Book 1, Ch 2, The Shadow of the Past, The Fellowship of the Ring, LoTR Book 1, Ch 3, Three Is Company, The Fellowship of the Ring, LoTR Book 2, Ch 1, Many Meetings, The Fellowship of the Ring, LoTR Book 2, Ch 2, The Council of Elrond. WebWhen a band of orcs approached, Sam was forced to leave the apparently dead Frodo and take the Ring himself, and briefly became the Ring-bearer. "[T 26], In the 1971 Mind's Eye radio adaptation, Sam was voiced by Lou Bliss. At the Council of Elrond there, Sam joined the Fellowship of the Ring. elves tell him not to leave Frodo's side, he (Sam) is downright A hobbit, Samwise is the chief supporting character of The Lord of the Rings, serving as the sidekick of the protagonist Frodo Baggins. Sam is a member of the Fellowship of the Ring, the group of nine charged with destroying the One Ring to prevent the Dark Lord Sauron from taking over the world. Sam was Frodo's gardener. Turning around, Frodo and Sam see that Merry and Pippin are caught inside the After all, its not like he was building a cohesive game system or writing a series of novels about a wizard school. To Tolkien, Gandalf embodied the fire of creation in the forge, the fire of warmth in the hearth, and the torch fire that keeps the darkness at bay. However, his wife dies before he does which is quite tragic. So, it seems unfair that Gandalf would make Sam go on Frodos journey. But what if heheheh it wa I cannot stress enough that Tolkiens own biographer devoted a whole chapter to enumerating all the ways in which he was exceptionally boring, even for a professor of Old English at Oxford who was raised during the Victorian era. [14] He lived about as far away from Sauron as you can possibly get without leaving Middle-earth, and he wanted the ring to be on the hand of somebody who was actually going to need it. As punishment for eavesdropping on Gandalfs conversation with Frodo regarding the One Ring, Sam was made Frodos first companion on his journey to Rivendell. This forced them to better understand those whom they were sent to protect, but it had the drawback of making them corruptible. Its a really sad moment, but Sam is strong enough to still try and continue the mission and take the Ring to be destroyed. I was just cutting the grass under the window there, if youll follow me. WebOn 13 April, when Gandalf revealed to Frodo that Bilbo's ring is Sauron's One Ring, they noticed Sam eavesdropping. elves tell him not to leave Frodo's side, he (Sam) is downright He didnt have to. Frodo goes to the Undying Lands in the West with the Elves. Frodo's departure and telling Merry and Pippin about those plans. Then Sam panics (Yes, the monster and Gandalf are the same species.) [11] Is he, like, human, or what? [T 22], Tolkien intentionally avoided making Christianity explicit in his Middle-earth writings,[2] choosing instead to allow "the story and the symbolism" to convey his meaning. offended/insulted by it. That weird stuff included but was not limited to: Hobbits, trolls, giant talking eagles, whatever Gollum was, and, of course, old men with magic powers. Gandalf sent him with Frodo as a punishment Sam was a gardener who did work for Frodo, and he overheard Gandalf telling Frodo about the truth of Bilbos ring. To learn more or opt-out, read our Cookie Policy. He glows, at times, scaring off Nazgul. 4th Age, Start: 9. I was just cutting the grass under Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Initially suspected as a spy, Sam feigned innocent curiosity. Why did the Fellowship scatter so chaotically at Parth Galen? on so. Read the "Shadows in the Dark" chapter of FOTR to hear the answer from the horse's mouth: in the book Gandalf tells Frodo how he slowly pieced together the truth about the Ring. leaving Frodo's side, so how could anyone even imply otherwise! Trouvez ensemble deux autres techniques qui peuvent faciliter vos e\'eetudes. 3rd Age - Post-Ring War A He lived about as far away from Sauron as you can But his role in the movies is still full of ambiguity. #7. But he did not know he could call on the Huorns, until, halfway to Helm's Deep, Legolas spots them moving on Isengard-- and Gandalf goes charging off that way to catch up with Treebeard, seizing the "resource near to hand". In honor of these enduring classics, were exploring every aspect of Peter Jacksons trilogy, from J.R.R. "[T 24] Tolkien admired heroism out of loyalty and love, but despised arrogance, pride and wilfulness. Two, he foresaw that Gandalf would face great labours and perils. Three, he wasnt doing much with it anyway. Glorfindel is sent by Elrond to aid the company; he joins them as they near Rivendell. No bending societies under their rule, no political scheming or hoarding of power, even to accomplish honest goals. Sam returned the ring to Frodo. Those emissaries were known as the Istari, and the Valar sent five particularly high-ranked ones Tolkien calls them chiefs to the northwest of Middle-earth in particular, because that was deemed the place where it was mostly likely that Men and Elves could be rallied to oppose Sauron. As in, he would nevver ever even dream of 010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 So, one of the most devastating moments is when he thinks that Frodo has died after being attacked by Shelob. RELATED: The Lord of the Rings: 10 Fan Fiction Relationships We Wish Were Real. ArtifactsCultural/SocialEnvironment/DiseaseGenealogicalGeneralMilitary/StrategicPolitical Interpreting non-statistically significant results: Do we have "no evidence" or "insufficient evidence" to reject the null? [T 20] In the year 1427 of the Shire Reckoning, Sam was elected Mayor of the Shire for the first of seven consecutive seven-year terms. Month How many minutes does it take to drive 23 miles? basically it is not about any promise but simply his love and Dites si vous e\^eetes daccord avec chacune des phrases suivantes. That was important because of another rule that was placed on the Istari: They were forbidden to use force or fear Saurons favorite tools to dominate Men and Elves. Only last year! Day Why did US v. Assange skip the court of appeal. Post Month 2 Close. Usually Gandalf was encouraging a Hobbit here or a Ranger there, having the sense to see that Minas Tirith would need Rohan and Rohan would not be able to come without defeating Saruman, that Rohan would not defeat Saruman without help from the Huorns. He lifts Theoden out of the shadows of Grima's spell. not knowing what that was, they had Sam spy on him. elves. For Tolkien, Gandalfs and Sarumans white robes may also have connected them to the color of starlight, which is a big force for magical protection in Middle-earth think of Sam forcing Shelob to cower before Galadriels light. Tikz: Numbering vertices of regular a-sided Polygon, English version of Russian proverb "The hedgehogs got pricked, cried, but continued to eat the cactus", There exists an element in a group whose order is at most the number of conjugacy classes, Generic Doubly-Linked-Lists C implementation. I feel like this particular plot device (Sam eavesdropping) is pretty outdated. As Gimli said, "you could not compel." It only takes a minute to sign up. If not, why did you lead Thorin Oakenshield to such an unlikely door? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. [T 3], When the Fellowship split up at the Falls of Rauros, Sam insisted on accompanying Frodo. I looked then and saw that his robes, which had seemed white, were not so, but were woven of all colours, and if he moved they shimmered and changed hue so that the eye was bewildered. He is being vague, I note, but his "waking mind" is the one he has on Middle-earth. extreme westernmost continent of Valinor. At the end of LOTR, Frodo is Why in the Sierpiski Triangle is this set being used as the example for the OSC and not a more "natural"? Dont let him turn me into anything unnatural! It is heavily implied that Sam then sails to the Undying Lands because he was briefly a Ring-bearer. Most people in Middle-earth who ran into a wizard had no idea that they were interacting with an angelic being but there were a few powerful individuals who figured it out, like Elrond and Galadriel. WebClosed 7 years ago. and I don't mean [T 11]. He believes the lies that Gollum has been saying, and he thinks that Sam is the one trying to take the Ring from him. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? choice by Gandalf, and Merry and Pipin knew only beause they ran In the 1993 Finnish television miniseries Hobitit, Sam is portrayed by Pertti Sveholm. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? Tolkien meant it to be tobacco. Why did both Frodo and Aragorn keep Gollum a secret for seemingly no reason? Many elves live in Valinor and much of the plot of the The next year they had a daughter, Elanor, the first of their thirteen children. It is a place where angelic beings dwell in Why didn't Frodo tell any Hobbits what was really after him and why? Valinor someday on the grey ships. As punishment for eavesdropping on Gandalfs conversation with Frodo regarding the dangers of the One Ring, Gandalf chose Sam to be Frodos companion on Those five Istari were Saruman the White, Gandalf the Grey, Radagast the Brown, and the two Blue Wizards. Those two went east of Mordor and were never seen again, and Tolkien declined to give them names or even explain what happened to them, since it had nothing to do with the War of the Ring. In Middle-earth parlance, hes a creature known as a Maia (plural: Maiar). That's about it, really. WebSam hauls Frodo out, and Frodo says he is certain that the old tree pushed him into the river. This is a bit unclear as one could argue that Gandalf guessed If I remember correctly, in the book when the A social gulf divides the literate, leisured Frodo from his former gardener, now responsible for wake-up calls, cooking and packing Tolkien maps the gradual breakdown of restraint [through prolonged peril] until Sam can take Frodo in his arms and call him "Mr Frodo, my dear. Tolkiens source material to the films best scenes and moments, along with the continued influence of The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King on modern pop culture. temptations of the ring. It was caught out of childhood memory, as a comic word or name. Which one to choose? WebAs "punishment" for eavesdropping on Gandalf 's conversation with Frodo regarding the One Ring, Sam was made Frodo's first companion on his journey to Rivendell. He rather risks driwning than let Frodo go alone to The name Galabas uses the elements galab-, meaning "game", and bas-, corresponding somewhat to "-wich" or "-wick". Its tobacco. The theatrical version of Peter Jacksons Lord of the Rings trilogy clocks in at nine hours and 18 minutes, yet theres so much of J.R.R. newsletter, Peter Jacksons Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkien never managed to make Tom Bombadil fit either, but thats the point. Please check your email to find a confirmation email, and follow the steps to confirm your humanity. Silmarillion revolves around events that lead to some of these WebGandalf says that Sam's shears stopped cutting, which is indication of eavesdropping. There were moments when their lips were chapped and they were exhausted, but they still had to carry on. ", which is refering to a promise he made in While Gandalf was on Middle-earth, his powers were curtailed; he could sense where the future might go, sometimes, and have premonitions, but he certainly didn't know Sauron would be destroyed; he didn't even know the Ring had been found until he did a good deal of research to determine what king Other examples of Gandalf being in the dark about the future:In the "Last Debate" chapter of ROTK, he tells the Captains of the West that he thinks the Ringbearer might achieve his quest, and they might aid him by attacking Mordor and drawing Sauron's forces away, but they very likely would die without ever knowing if the Quest had succeeded. (A) essential He was re-embodied and sent back to Middle-earth by an entity or entities who gave him his task in the first place either the Valar, or Middle-earths supreme creator god himself, Eru Ilvatar. WebJanuary 2013. rev2023.4.21.43403. Have you been eavesdropping? But what I knew in my heart, or knew before I stepped onto these grey shores: that is another matter. Can I general this code to draw a regular polyhedron? Then Sam panics and pleas to Frodo: Mr. Gandalfs specialty was fire. Movies and books are different beasts, and the former can only support so much exposition. Do Eric benet and Lisa bonet have a child together? WebTop Gandalf To Sam Quotes If you want to enter into a state of pure connection with your child, you can achieve this by setting aside any sense of superiority. He spent this 17 year period The lack of an origin story didnt stop audiences from falling in love with Ian McKellens Gandalf, who studied Tolkien himself in perfecting his award-winning performance, fixing himself in the hearts of millions of fans. Month January Write a sentence that contains each group of elements (underline each adverb clause you create, and circle the word it modifies) - Clause: the landscape hardens - Clause: temperatures drop to ten or twenty below zero - Subordinating conjunction: when. Do you have pictures of Gracie Thompson from the movie Gracie's choice? 3rd Age - The Kings He did not. virtually unknown. WebGiving Aragorn the Palantir that was tossed down, which proved the key to Aragorn's victory, is another example, and grabbing Sam when Sam was eavesdropping is yet another. His unconditional love for and loyalness to Frodo, his master The journey to carry the Ring through Mordor was an extremely difficult one. For I have changed since those days, and I am no longer trammelled by the burden of Middle-earth as I was then. Tolkien replied on March 18: Dear Mr. Gamgee,It was very kind of you to write. (the Ainur). In a very literal sense, the author would spend the rest of his life in pursuit of this goal. Whatever other powers he may have, we don't hear about them. Something went wrong. That would have been more difficult to deal with. In the Silmarillion and his other writings, Tolkien describes a Dont let him hurt me, sir! Sam was Frodo's gardener. Its supposed to be tobacco. How to combine several legends in one frame? White! he sneered. So, instead of being sent in their full divine majesty, capable of taking whatever form they wished, the Istari were fixed in the forms of unremarkable old men. May I think Gandalf's main skill of premonition lies in his understanding of hearts. But, after heading off with Frodo, he is set on a journey that takes away his sense of peace in the world. "[18] UGO Networks named Sam as one of their top heroes in entertainment. What happened when he died? It didn't really bother me, because it seemed as if, It was the WORST to me. How do Merry Pippin and Sam know that Frodo has been planning to leave the shire? New Line Cinema's 'LOTR' Trilogy and Beyond. Thunder at all and enjoys it. The choice of Gamgee was primarily directed by alliteration; but I did not invent it. ----------- He had to know the character of Aragorn, Bilbo, Frodo, Denethor, Faramir, Treebeard in order to predict where they'd go, how far to trust them; his slip with Saruman was a rare near-fatal mistake. June I meant no harm, on my honour, sir!. Its a connection that explains why a demigod would take so much enjoyment from making fireworks for hobbits. While Frodo Baggins might be the main character of The Lord of the Rings and other characters, like Aragorn, are more of what we think of as traditional, strong heroes, Samwise Gamgee might be the most heroic of all. Galbasi comes from the name of the village Galabas. Gandalf says things to improve things. March The moment he does his big villain reveal to Gandalf, he also reveals a change of wardrobe. "[T 18] He later traced the origin of the name Gamgee to the Norman French surname "de Gamaches". Or maybe this is the correct approach - just close as duplicates and leave them be. WebWhy didnt Gandalf close the window (or not open it) or move to a different room to prevent Sam from eavesdropping in chapter 2? Tolkien didnt say much about what white represented for Saruman, though we can infer a few things about what taking on Sarumans color meant for Gandalf. Sam: N WHile imprisoned in the barrow frodo saw a long arm walking toward the hit of the sword that lay upon necks of sam, pippin and marry, butterbur feared that gandalf would say when he learned that butterbur, sent the letter to frodo as he said he would, according to strider, why was fire a friend in the wilderness, the striders feared those who wielded fire, Near the ford of reverdell, how did frodo escape the Black Riders, He rode Glorflinder's horse to the ford, where a flood bore the rider away, what did gandalf learn when he read the scroll that isildur himself made, If the Ring were made hot again, the writing on it might be refreshed, Gandalf went to isengard to seek the aid of Saruman the White after, The companions set out from Rivendell after scouts reported that, the Ringwraiths appeared to have been scattered, The group took a road that lead to the mines of moria after they, were defeated by a snowstorm when trying to use a passover the mountains, Why did sam protest gandalf wanted to turn bill loose outside moria, He felt bill would be killed by the wolves that were about, He slid into the abyss after the balrog's whiped curl about his knees, in the naith why did argorn want the entire company to be blindfolded, so gimli wound not be the only one who would be blind folded, after looking into the mirror of galadriel sam felt that he, had to go home because he had seen delivry at work in shire, the log with eyes that sam saw while he wan in a boat was really, Frodo decided to leave the company and go on alone, Boromir had tried to take the Ring from him, Religion 7 Christ in the Liturgy Chapter 11 -, contract law and consumer protection case law, Vocabulary for Achievement: Fourth Course, myPerspectives: English Language Arts, California (Grade 9, Volume 1), Glencoe Language Arts: Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 9, NURSING Grading Scales (pulses, reflexes, ede.
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